Toxicity Flashcards
What is the timeline for acute toxicity? How about for subacute toxicity? How about for chronic toxicity?
- Acute toxicity: single/multiple exposure to agent over 1-2 days
- Subacute toxicity: repeated exposures of an agent over a period less than 3 months
- Chronic toxicity: repeated exposures of an agent over a period greater than 3 months
What are two examples of cell death? Which is acute and which is chronic?
- Necrosis (acute)
- Apoptosis (chronic)
When should gastric lavage NOT be used (2)?
- Corrosive material
- >4 hours since exposure
What group of drugs adsorb toxins?
Activated charcoals
What is the drug that increases excretion of weak bases?
Ammonium Chloride
What is the drug that increases excretion of weak acids?
Sodium Bicarbonate
What medication is used to treat arsenic poisoning?
Dimercaprol
What medication is used to treat copper poisoning?
Penicillamine
What medication is used to treat iron poisoning?
Deferoxamine
What medication is used to treat lead poisoning?
Calcium Disodium Edetate
What is the antidote for methanol poisoning or ethylene glycol poisoning?
Ethanol
What is an example of a cholinesterase inhibitor poisons (OPs)? What type of toxins is it used to treat?
Atropine
- Used to treat Organophosphates
What is the antidote for ethylene glycol poisoning?
Fomepizole
What is the antidote used in the Cyanide Antidote Package? What is the second part of treatment involve?
- Sodium nitrite in Cyanide Antidote Package
2. Sodium Thiosulfate (IV)
What toxin alter calcium homeostasis? What will be found in the urine diagnostically?
Ethylene Glycol (antifreeze) - Calcium oxalate crystals in urine
What is the treatment for botulism toxins?
ABE (equine trivalent antitoxin)
What is the acute symptomatic presentation for Organophosphate poisoning?
SLUD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation)
How are DDT and TCDD (Round-Up) treated?
Symptomatic only
Chronic exposure of which two toxins may contribute to Parkinson’s Disease?
Paraquat, Organophosphates
What toxin has a possible half life of years? Where will be drug be found in the body?
Lead has a possible half life of years in the bone
What type of toxin involves possible presentation of “wrist drop” and/or “ankle drop”?
Lead poisoning
What is Wilson’s Disease? What can be a symptomatic presentation of this?
Genetic disorder in which body cannot eliminate copper
- Kayser-Fleischer rings: copper deposits in the cornea
Why is carbon monoxide poisoning a problem (think Hb affinity)? What does this result in and how does it appear?
CO has greater affinity for Hb than O2
- It forms carboxyhemoglobin, which is a darker, cherry red color
What is the primary example of a compound that undergoes redox cycling? What does this result in?
Paraquat undergoes redox recycling and results in ROS = more free radicals = bad
