Toxicology Flashcards
1
Q
Toxidromes for opioid
A
> Agents
- Heroin
- Morphine
> S&S
- CNS depression
- Respiratory depression
- Hypotension
- Myosis
> Intervention
- Ventilation
- Antidote: naloxone
2
Q
What is Toxidromes
A
- Group of symptoms and signs that are known to occur with specific classes of substances and typically are helpful in establishing a diagnosis when the exposure is not well defined
3
Q
Toxidrome for sympathomimetic
A
> Agents
- Cocaine
- Amphetamine
> S&S
- Psychomotor agitation
- Diaphoresis
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Hyperthermia
- Mydriasis
> Intervention
- Hydration
- Cooling
- Sedation with benzodiazepine
4
Q
Toxidrome for cholinergic
A
> Agents
- Insecticides (organophosphate, carbamate)
> S&S
- Salivation
- Lacrimation
- Diaphoresis
- NV
- Urination, defecation
- Miosis
> Intervention
- Airway protection and ventilation
- Antidote: Atropine, Pralidoxime
5
Q
Toxidrome for anticholinergic
A
> Agents
- Scopolamine
- Atropine
> S&S
- Hot as Hare: increase temp
- Mad as Hatter: confused
- Dry as Bone: dry mouth, urinary retention
- Red as Beet: flushed skin
> Intervention
- Sedation with benzodiazepine
- Cooling
- Supportive management
6
Q
Toxidrome for sedative
A
> Agents
- Benzodiazepine
- Barbiturates
> S&S
- Sedation
- Confusion
- Delirium
- Hallucination
- Coma
> Intervention
- Supportive
- Antidote (Flumazenil if benzo)
7
Q
History for poisoning
A
- What
- How much
- When
- What else
- Why
8
Q
Specific treatment for poisoning
A
> Reduce absorption - Emesis - Orogastric lavage - Activated charcoal > Enhance elimination - Keep good urine output - Extracorporeal removal: hemodialysis > Neutralize toxin - Antidotes (eg: N Acetylcysteine for PCM)
9
Q
Ddx for miotic vs mydriatic pupils
A
> Miotic
- C: Cholinergic drug
- O: Opiates, Organophosphate
- P: Phenothiazines, Pilocarpine
- S: Sedative hypnotics
> Mydriatic
- Atropine
- Sympathomimetics
