Toxicology

Question 1

4 Types of Unintentional Toxicological Emergencies

Answer 1

Medication dosing errors, childhood poisonings, workplace hazards, simple neglect or oversight

Question 2

Poison Centre in Alberta is Named

Answer 2

PADIS

Question 3

6 Things to not when calling Poison Control

Answer 3

Name, Gender, Weight, What was swallowed, How much was swallowed, Information from the container label

Question 4

4 Main methods of Absoprtion

Answer 4

Ingestion, Inhalation, Contact, Injection

Question 5

Poisoning by Ingestion

Answer 5

Can be delayed. Evidence of burns or mucosal irritation

Question 6

4 Example of poisoning by inhalation

Answer 6

Carbon monoxide, Chlorine, Gasoline, Spray Paint

Question 7

Poisoning by Inhalation

Answer 7

Fast effects.Usually causes headache, nausea , vomiting, slurred speech, loss of motor control, wheezing.

Question 8

Injection poisoning

Answer 8

Rapid Effects. Can cause derma irritation, cardiac effects and neurological effects

Question 9

Antidote to Acetaminophen Poisining

Answer 9

Acetylcysteine (Mucomist)

Question 10

Antidote for Cyanide

Answer 10

Amylnitrate

Question 11

Antidote for Digoxin

Answer 11

Digibind

Question 12

Antidote for Opoid/Opiates

Answer 12

Naloxone

Question 13

Antidote for anticholinergics

Answer 13

Physostigimine

Question 14

Antidote for CA Channel Blockers

Answer 14

Calcium

Question 15

Antidote for Beta Blockers

Answer 15

Glucagon

Question 16

Treatments (not to be confused with Antidotes) for Poisoning (4)

Answer 16

Syrup of Ipecac , Activated Charcoal , Gastric Lavage and Hemodialysis

Question 17

6 Kinds of toxidromes

Answer 17

Narcotic (Opiate and Opioid), Cholinergic, Anti Cholinergic, Sympathomimetic, Stimulant, Sedative-Hypnotic

Question 18

High Levels of Toxicity can lead to what 5 Things

Answer 18

Psychosis, Hyperpyrexia, Tremors, Seizures and Cardiac arrest

Question 19

3 Kinds of Stimulants

Answer 19

Cocaine, Amphetamines (ADHD meds), MDMA

Question 20

Cocaine Facts

Answer 20

Naturally occurring Alkaloid. Local anaesthetic and CNS stimulant. “Speedballing”

Question 21

Amphetamines Facts

Answer 21

Structurally Similar to derivatives of phenylethylamine.

Question 22

What Percent of Canadians have used alcohol in the past year and what percentage identifies as alcoholic

Answer 22

79.3% Usage , 8.8% Alcoholic

Question 23

Percentage of Ambulance calls in a geographic area had alcohol consumption as a reported factor in a PCR

Answer 23

44.4% - 45.8%

Question 24

What are the two major divisions of Narcotics

Answer 24

Heroin (Opiate) , Fentanyl (Opioid)

Question 25

What kind of narcotic has the highest percentage of death

Answer 25

Fentanyl

Question 26

Narcotic Management on a PCP Level

Answer 26

1.Patent Airway and Provide ventilation 2. Administer 0.4 mg IV (0.8 mg IM) 3. Watch for withdrawal in chronic user 4. Transport

Question 27

Carbon Monoxide Facts

Answer 27

Difficult to diagnose (unless intentionally exposed ex suicide or fire). VARIOUS symptom presentation. Cherry-red colour of the skin is a very late sign of CO poisoning

Question 28

Prehospital treatment of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning as a PCP

Answer 28

- Hyper oxygenate (NC and NRB or BVM high flow oxygen as tolerated.

Question 29

What treatment is critical for CO poisoning at the Hospital

Answer 29

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (Hyperbaric Chamber)