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Clinical Chemistry > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the antidote for iron poisoning?

A

Desferroximine

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2
Q

What is the antidote for lead (Pb)?

A

Chelating agents

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3
Q

What is the antidote for Ethylene glycol?

A

Ethanol, fomepizole

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4
Q

What is the antidote for nitrates, nitrites?

A

Methylene blue (important for methemoglobinemia)

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5
Q

What is the antidote for aluminum (AI)?

A

Desferroximine

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6
Q

What is the antidote for Mercury (Hg)?

A

Chelating agent

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7
Q

Antidote for acetominophen?

A

N-acetylcysteine (mucormyst)

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8
Q

Antidote for digoxin?

A

Digibind

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9
Q

Antidote for INH?

A

Pyridoxine

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10
Q

Antidote for opiate intoxication?

A

Naloxone

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11
Q

Antidote for carbon monoxide?

A

oxygen

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12
Q

Antidote for organophosphate poisoning?

A

Atropine

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13
Q

How is ethylene glycol measured?

A

HPLC, **Osmolal gap

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14
Q

How is iron measured?

A

Serum iron & TIBC

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15
Q

How are heavy metals measured?

A

atomic absorption??

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16
Q

How are acetominophen, aspirin and digoxin measured?

A

Drug level

17
Q

How are opiates measured?

A

6-monoacetyl morphine level (6-MAM); ***Unique heroine metabolite!!!
-further metabolized to morphine–>morphine glucuronide (excreted form)

18
Q

What drugs are considered opiates?

A

morphine and codeine

19
Q

What drugs are considered opioids?

A

Heroin, Methadone, Meperidine, Oxycodone, Propoxyphene

20
Q

What is the osmolal gap equation?

A

O.G=Osm(meas) - Osm(pred)

21
Q

How do you calculate predicted Osm?

A

Pred Osm= 2xNa + Glucose/20+BUN/3

**Estimated

22
Q

How are drugs of abuse screened? What is the gold standard?

A
  1. Immunoassay

2. GC-MS

23
Q

What is the metabolite of Methanol? clinical effects?

A

Formic acid

Acidosis, optic neuropathy

24
Q

What is the metabolite of ethanol? clinical effects?

A

Acetic Acid

Acidosis (uncommon)

25
Q

What is the metabolite of Isopropanol? Clinical effects?

A

Acetone

None? NO Acidosis**

26
Q

What is the metabolite of ethylene glycol? Clinical effects?

A

Oxalic acid, Glycolic acid

Severe acidosis, urinary oxalate crystals: renal failure; cardio-resp failure

27
Q

What drugs cause an osmolal gap?

A

Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol

28
Q

How can you tell if fluid submitted for testing is urine?

A

if specific gravity is 1.000 then not urine

29
Q

What substances interfere with immunoassays?

A

salt and bleach

Clinical Chemistry (1 decks)

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