Toxicology Flashcards

Question

S/S of ASA in general

Answer 1

Restlessness, tinnitus, deafness, blurring of vision Hyperpnea, hyperpyrexia, sweating Epigastric pain, vomiting, dehydration Respiratory and metabolic acidosis Disorientation, coma, cardiovascular collapse

Answer 2

Normally, oxygen is carried through the bloodstream by hemoglobin (Hgb) in red blood cells. But since Hgb has a 200–250 times greater affinity (i.e., force to combine) for CO than for oxygen, introduction of CO into the bloodstream via the respiratory tract interferes with the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. CO binds to Hgb, forming carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and reducing the number of binding sites available for oxygen. As a result, there is a shift to the left in the oxyhemoglobin curve and tissue hypoxia occurs. In addition to its interference with tissue perfusion, CO has direct poisoning effects on the cellular level. Inhibition of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase system causes depression of cellular respiration. Direct binding of CO to cardiac myoglobin causes depression of cardiac function and muscle activity. CO also compromises the integrity of blood vessels, causing leakage of fluid into extravascular spaces.

Answer 3

``` systemic acidosis, myocardial infarction (MI), rhabdomyolysis (i.e., acute renal failure resulting from renal tubule accumulation of byproducts from toxic destruction of skeletal muscle), pulmonary edema, and cerebral edema, which can cause retinal hemorrhage and papilledema. ```

Answer 4

Early - headache, dizziness, weakness, confusion, chest pain, nausea, and vomiting. Severe - hyperventilation, hypoxia, hypotension, and hyperreflexia develop

Answer 5

A normal COHb level in a healthy individual is < 3%; smokers may have COHb levels up to 10% COHb level > 25% is dangerous, and COHb level > 50% can be fatal

Answer 6

Cocaine is a CNS stimulant that can: - increase heart rate and blood pressure and - cause hyperpyrexia, - seizures, and - ventricular dysrhythmias. - intense euphoria, - then anxiety, sadness, insomnia and sexual indifference; - cocaine hallucinations with delusions;

Answer 7

Ensure airway and ventilation control seizures monitor cardiovascular effects; have lidocaine and defibrillator available. treat for hyperthermia if cocaine was ingested, use charcoal to treat

Answer 8

Acute intoxication (overdose) - Pinpoint pupils (may be dilated with severe hypoxia); - Decreased blood pressure - Marked respiratory depression - Stuporà coma - Fresh needle marks along course of any superficial verin; skin abscesses

Answer 9

1) support respiratory and cardioavascular functions establish and IV line; 2) give narcotic antagonist (naloxone hydrochloride [Narcan]) as prescribed to reverse severe respiratory depression and coma 3) Hemodialysis may be indicated for severe drug intoxication. 4) maintain airway and provide respiratory support. endotracheal intubation or tracheaostomy 5) hemodialysis

Answer 10

Acute intoxication (may mimic alcohol intoxication): - respiratory depression - flushed face - decreased pulse rate; decreased blood pressure - increasing nystagmus - depressed deep tendon reflexes - decreasing mental alertness - difficulty in speaking - poor motor coordination - coma, death

Answer 11

- maintain airway and provide respiratory support. - large-gauge needle or IV catheter to support blood pressure; - coma and dehydration result in hypotension and respond to infusion of IV fluids with elevation of blood pressure. - Sodium bicarbonate may be prescribed to alkalinize urine; it promotes excretion of barbiturates. - evacuate stomach contents or lavage as soon as possible to prevent absorption; - repeated doses of activated charcoal may be administered. - assist with hemodialysis for severely overdosed patient maintain neurologic and vital sign flow sheet

Answer 12

``` Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, palpitations, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, tachypnea, anxiety, nervousness, diaphoresis, mydriasis Repetitive or stereotyped behaviour Irritability, insomnia, agitation Visual misperceptions, auditory hallucinations Fearful anxiety/depression, cold, distant hostility, paranoia Hyperactivity, rapid speech, euphoria Seizures, coma, hyperthermia, ```

Answer 13

treat seizures with benzodiazepines | treat sympathetic stimulation with beta-blocker agents

Answer 14

nausea and vomiting, dyspepsia, headache, anorexia, sweating, tachycardia, hypertension, anxiety, agitation, tremors, vivid dreams, insomnia, tactile, visual and auditory disturbances, hallucinations and delirium tremens. SEIZURES

Answer 15

 frequency of use,  usual quantity ingested,  duration of a drinking session,  date, time and amount of alcohol last used, and  any other drug use.

Answer 16

>20 10-20 7-10 1-6

Answer 17

is the most severe form of alcohol withdrawal and is a medical emergency. a) Confusion and disorientation. b) Extreme agitation or restlessness. c) Gross tremor. d) Autonomic instability (fluctuation in blood pressure & pulse, disturbances of electrolytes, hypothermia). e) Paranoid ideation, typically delusional intensity. f) Distractibility and accentuated response to external stimuli. g) Hallucinations affecting any of the senses but typically visual. h) Major psychotic disorders can sometimes mimic this state.

Toxicology Flashcards

(41 cards)