Toxicology

Question 1

Toxicology definition

Answer 1

Deals with the adverse effects caused by the exposure of living organisms to chemical substances

Question 2

Toxicology limitations

Answer 2

extrapolated from animals to humans –> significant uncertainty

Question 3

Exposure pathways (3)

Answer 3

1. Inhalation
2. Ingestion
3. Dermal contact

Question 4

Administered dose

Answer 4

amount of toxic agent the body is exposed to

Question 5

Intake/uptake dose

Answer 5

amount absorbed by the body

Question 6

Target/effective dose

Answer 6

amount reaching the target organ

Question 7

Contaminants rely on blood flow to reach organs + tissue

Answer 7

Distribution

Question 8

Sub acute
Sub chronic
chronic

Answer 8

1. 10 days
2. 2wks-7wks
3. 7 years - lifetime

Question 9

Teratogenicity

Answer 9

pathological effect during the phase after implantation (first trimester)

Question 10

Endocrine disruptors

Answer 10

mimic the action of naturally occurring reproductive + thyroid hormones

Question 11

LD50 (mg/kg) - ingested

Answer 11

Lethal Dose (median) only 50% of organisms remained alive

Question 12

LC50 - inhaled

Answer 12

only 50% of organisms survived