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Toxicology Flashcards

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1
Q

Trichothecene

A
  • Mycotoxin
  • Decrease imunity + vomit
  • A refuse to eat
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2
Q

Fesceu grass

A

Lameness + hyperthermia

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3
Q

Zeara-lenone

A

Estrogenism–vulvovaginitis

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4
Q

__________ prevent overeating of feed containing zeara-lenone

A

Deoxy-niva-lenol

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5
Q

Fumonisin

A

Fusarium sp. on moldy corn
Horse— CNS
Pig– high BP + lung edema

In horse ka EQUINE LEUKO-ENCEPHALOMALACIA
In piga ka PORCINE PULMONARY ODEMA

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6
Q

Ergotism

A

Parasitic fungus i.e. Claviceps purpurea
Ryegrass
Vasocontriction of extremitis—necrosis & gangrene
Pituitary effect—- agalactia

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7
Q

Inophore toxicity in horse

A

Colic + TC

Tying up—high creatinine kinase+posterior paralysis

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8
Q

Rx of inophore tox.

A

No antidote

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9
Q

Inophore tox. In CATTLE

A

Multiple organs effected

Minly HEART FAILURE

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10
Q

Which cause CARDIOMYOPATHY in cattle

SCC GuLaM

A 
Gossypol
Monensin
Lymphosarcoma
Selenium/vit. E deficiency--white muscle dz.
Cu def.--myocardial fibrosis
Cassia
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11
Q

Slaf-ramine

A

Horse,cattle
Oral irritation—profuse salivation
Due to BLACK PATCH dz. on RED CLOVER

Sluff red black + saliva

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12
Q

Black patch dz. by which fungus

A

RHIZOC-TONIA

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13
Q

Red clover plant scientific name

A

TRIFOLIUM

Clove means tri

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14
Q

Aflatoxicosis

A

A. Flavus , A. Parasiticus
Peanut,soybean
LIVER DAMAGE—jaundice + WS hemorhages

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15
Q

Oak/quer-cus

A

Has GALLOTANIN
GIT damage + KIDNEY damage
GOATS most resitant

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16
Q

Oak is aka

A

Quercus

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17
Q

__________ ,__________ ,__________ seen in inophore tox.

A

Heart damage
Colic
Myoglobin-uria

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18
Q

Zinc deficiency

A 
--parakeratosis
Excess keratinization 
No itching
Ventral abdomen,limbs
Dd: exudative dermatitis(but seen in YOUNGER SUCKLING PIGLETS)
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19
Q

Exudative dermatitis

A

Aka greasy pig dz.
CO= staph. HYI-CUS
SUCKLING piglets

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20
Q

DD of zinc def. in pigs

A

Greasy pig dz./exudative dermatitis
Occur in SUCKLING piglets

In both, lesions on ventral thorax + limbs

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21
Q

__________ poisoning — Cu def.

A

Mo

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22
Q

Ponderosa pine

A
  • Most sensitive=CATTLE
  • LATE TERM ABORTION(3rd trimester)
  • TP= ISO-CUP-RESSIC acid—vasocontriction—no blood to uterus+ necrosis of CL—no progestrone
  • 3 kg 3 days 3 weeks abortion
  • before abortion= edema of vulva and udder+ mucoid vaginal discharge
  • if born , calf week & mom dont produce milk
  • common in winters
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23
Q

4-ipomeanol tox.

A
  • aka MOLDY SWEET POTATO
  • dd: ABPEE/FOG FEVER
  • edema of lungs seen
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24
Q

ABPEE

A
  • Acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema

- TP= L-TRYPTOPHAN—3-METHYL-LINDONE in body—-lungs damaged

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25
Arsenic tox.
E=Ant baits , wood preservatives ,thi-acetars-emide CS= GIT hemorhage + diarrhoea Rx= DIMERCAPROL (deep IM)
26
What is thi-ace-tars-amide
- A heart work adulticide - Composed of arsenic---high dose lead to ARSENIC tox.---GIT bleeding - replaced by MELARSOMINE
27
Pentachlorophenol is __________ ,__________
Fungicide | Molluscide
28
__________ is found in SNAIL BAITS
Met-aldehyde
29
PARA-DI-CHLORO-BENZENE PDCB
- in diaper,deo | - CNS signs + SALIVATION
30
Toad poisoning in dog
- profuse saliva+ head shaking+ pawing at mouth - eg: toad like BUFO MARINUS Will look like rabies
31
RAISIN & GRAPES in dog
ANURIC RENAL dz.
32
Salmon poisoning
Occur 1 week after eating fish which ate a fluke which contained parasite NEO-RICKETSIA HEL-MINTHOCA
33
severe GI signs + bloody diarhoea Guess which metal tox. ?
Arsenic
34
Urea
Bovine bonkers Tremors Rx= vinegar
35
Lead
CNS signs--blindness | Constipation or diarrhoea
36
Cantharidin
- a horse dz. | COLIC + KIDNEY damage----blood in urine
37
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
Eg= lindane, methoxychlor | CNS depress or excite ---daure
38
Trichothecene
- A fungal toxin. (Dz. ka STACHY-BOTYRO-toxicosis) | - VOMIT + IMMUNOSUPRESION
39
Vomit + immunosupresion
Tricho-the-cene
40
Goitrogenic plants include __________ ,__________ ,__________ ,__________ ,__________
``` Soybean Cabbage Rape Kale Turnip ```
41
Sc of BRACKEN FERN
Pteridium aqui-linum
42
Sc of chokecherry
Prunus virginia
43
Avocado sc
Persea americana
44
Oleander sc
Nerium oleander
45
Milk vetch sc
Astargalus flavus Aka locoweed Lok milk star ox
46
Swainsonine
- In astargalus,oxytropis - CNS signs(circling too) - predispose to HIH MOUNTAIN dz.
47
Astargalus and oxytropis aka
Locoweed , milk vetch Loc milk star ox Damag kharab te saah di problem
48
Chokecherry has __________
Cyanide CYANIDE kha ke PRAN gae te CHOKE hoi
49
Bracken fern contain __________
Thiaminase BRA te TEER vala tattoo on THIGH
50
Oleander has __________ glycosides
CARDIAC
51
Desi LOCOWEED
Lock milk star ox Dimag kharab te saah kharab
52
Locoweed predipose to __________ disease
High mountain dz/brisket edema
53
Ponerosa pines cause __________
Abortion
54
Permethrin toxicity
-in flea dip -HYPERSALIVATION + CNS signs + VD -dd= OPP, carbamate. (NO MIOSIS in it) Rx= METHO-CARBAMOL(a MR) Atropine is not effective && no MIOSIS is seen
55
D-limonene
Anti-flea med | ---vomit in dogs
56
__________ crystals seen in ETHYLENE GLYCOL tox.
Calcium oxalate MONOHYDRATE(6 sided prism) After 3 hr in Cat After 6 hr in Dog
57
Ethylene glycol tox.
- DRUNKEN GAIT---quiet---PU/PD---OLIGURIA - BW= azotemia,acidosis,hyperosmolar serum - UW=flattened hexagon/picket fence board CRYSTALS
58
What can cause flase +ve in ethylene glycol kit?
If products containining PROPYLENE GLYCOL are given before eg: VALIUM , CHARCOAL
59
__________ ,__________ ,__________ cause BM supression
Girseofulvin Chloramphenicol Sulfonamide
60
__________ ,__________ ,__________ are teratogens
Griseofulvin Ketaconazole Doxorubicin
61
Rx of ARSENIC tox.
DIMERCAPROL (BAL) | Also give SDOIUM THIOSULFATE IV----maintains renal function
62
Why arsenic poisoning look like parvo?
V+ bloody diarrhoea
63
Cat with VD+HYPERSALIVA+CNS signs Desi. Rabies signs with ULTI & TATIA
``` FLEA DIPS(permethrin) Rx: metho-carbamol ```
64
Pregnant ruminant eat LUPINE plant=
Arthro-gryposis in child
65
Adult ruminant eat lupine plant=
CONVULSION---DYSPNOEA---res. Failure----death
66
Lupine infected with fungus PHOMOPSIS=
Hepatic damage
67
Swainsonine is found in __________ ,__________
Oxytropis Astargalus Desi= loc milk star ox----SWAN Dimag kharab te saah kharab
68
OP/carbamate tox.
- SLUDDE - dx: low ACHE levels - rx: ATROPINE(for muscarinic signs) , 2-PAM(for nicotinic signs) OP inhibit reversibily Carbamate inhibit irreversibly
69
SLUDDE stand for
``` Saliva Lacrimation Urination Defecation Dysponoea Emesis ```
70
Desi= je animal de HAR MORE CHO FLUID NIKAL rea te what is diagnosis?
OP/CARBAMATE I.e. SLUDDE Rx: atropine,2-PAM
71
Mare resproductive loss syndrome
-E=cherry tree, caterpillers SC of cherry tree is PRUNUS AVIUM
72
V+PU/PD+CNS(knuckling,decreased reflexes) What did dog eat?
Antifreeze Desi= HALKAE kute nu ANTIFREEZE do, fer oh PAANI pe lu ga par ohnu VOMIT a jau gi
73
Molluscicide
- eg= metaldehyde | - CNS signs+TC+HYPERTHERMIA
74
Bukhar +heart beat TEZ + CNS signs Dog ne ki khada?
Molluscicide Desi=AMOLAK da ias clear nai hoea, fer BUKHAR ho geya--- HEART BEAT TEZ ho gai te PAGAL ho gea
75
Cu toxicity
- Gun metal kidney---port wine urine - GE--JAUNDICE--SHOCK Desi= mini COOPER de bonet te GUN jehde cho WINE di bottle nikal di, driver seat te FATEH te naldi seat te JASWANT jehre BIJLI farhi
76
Memorise lead
Lead vali pencil khadi, AKH thani ho ke DIMAg ch vargi---DIMAG te AKHA dove kharab
77
Remember arsenic
ARY nu PARVO bohot hundi
78
Use Ca-EDTA to chelate __________
Lead
79
Amitraz antidote
Yohimbine
80
Rx pralidoxime for
OP/carbamate Desi= OP soni ne CAR ch PRALI ladi
81
Rx methocarbamol
Permethrin Desi= PARI MATH sikhaundi
82
Rx 4-MP/FOMEPIZOLE
ETHYLENE GLYCOL Desi=je ANTIFREEZA khada te ohnu AMPLIFIER te FEEM khavao
83
Acetaminophen toxicity in cat
- METHEMOGLOBINURIA+METHEMOGLOBINEMIA+HEINZ BODY ANAEMIA - dd= IMHA,ITP,anticoagulant,hemobartonellosis Desi= cat ne TYLENOL khali te ohnu METHI te HONEY do
84
Case scenario of ACETAMINOPHEN tox. In CAT
Brown blood---DARK MUCUS MEMBRANE BROWN URINE HEAD and FEET SWOLLEN +++ Vomit & abd. Pain (general in toxicity) +
85
Other signs except brown urine & brown mm in TYLENOL poisoning in cat?
Swollen head & limbs | V + abd. Pain
86
EASTER LILY tox. In CAT
- ACUTE RENAL FAILURE----V+PU/PD | - BT= AZOTEMIA + high K + high P
87
Which animal is most sensitive and most resitant to salt poisoning?
Most resistant is SHEEP | Most sensitive in PIG
88
Rx protocol for ACETAMINOPHEN tox. In CAT
-vomit---gastric lavage---IV fluid----N-acetylcysteine Monitor methb Q 2 hr (>50%=[prognosis grave) If liver enz. High increase within 12 hr---SERIOUS CONCERN USUALLY SIGNS PERSIST for 1 day 50 mg tab is TOXIC
89
Cu def. / Mo tox.
ACHROMOTRICHIA----depigmented hair PEAT SCOURS/TEART----- diarrhoea with bubbles Decreased fertility + lameness
90
__________ ,__________ ,__________ contain PYRO-LIZIDINE alkaloids
Senecio,crotalaria,amsinkia -LIVER DAMAGE Desi+ CENA ne SINK ch COAT ute PAER rak ke LIVER nal dhote
91
White muscle dz.
-Vit.E/selenium def. -young a -vigrous exercise---dyspnoea-----sudden death DUE TO MYOCARDIAL Dz. -stiff gait+arched back+ recumbent but BAR(bright,alert,responsive)
92
Death due to enterotoxemia in calf
Bloody diarrhoea+convulsion+opisthonous | Dd: white muscle dz.(i.e. SUDDEN DEATH)
93
Amsinkia is SC of __________
Yellow tarweed
94
Crotalaria is Sc of __________
Rattleweed
95
senecio is SC of __________
Ragwort
96
Ammoniated feed toxicity
- bovine bonkers - CNS signs+colic/bloat+dyspnoea - SMELL of AMMONIA in RUMEN GAS TREMORS in FACE SEEN
97
In pseudorabies you see __________ & __________
Itching | Salivation
98
TEME
- haemophilus somnus | - RES+CNS(+blind,opisthonus)+septic ARTHRITIS
99
Memorise TEME
haemophilus somnus effect all serous membranes - pleural cavity----cough,dyspnoea - meninges----CNS signs - synovial joinr----arthritis Desi= HEMA di TEAM in ipl
100
CNS signs + BLOAT/COLIC + dyspnoea What has cattle eaten?
Urea/ammoniated feed
101
Poliencephalomalacia
Star gazing+opisthonus+head pressing +ataxia Desi= rx is SOHA ali khan nu bulao
102
Nitrate poisoning
Methhemoglobinemia Normal in feed < 10,000 ppm Normal in blood <10ug/ml
103
Mm color in cyanide poisoning is _________ due to _________
BRIGHT RED | Cyanohb
104
Cattle death due to BLUE green algae
Death near water sourse | Brady+salivation
105
Redwater dz.
Clostridium hemolyticum Intravascular hemolysis--mm icteric , plasma red , urine brown HEMOGLOBIN in urine
106
Chocolate tox. In dogs
- TP=methyl-xanthines - EXCITEMENT+SEIZURES+ARRYTHMIAS - ECG---V-TACH - if mild= V+D+PU+hyperactivity - rx=apomorphine for vomit---LIDOCAINE for v-tach----diazepam for seizure If diazepam dont work , give PHENO or PENTO SLOWLY IV
107
How much milk chocolate can kill 7 kg dog
200 gram 50 gram baking choco can do same
108
Carcinogen in fishmeal is _________
Ethoxy-quin
109
Bracken fern ingestion lead to _________ and _________
Enzootic hematuria | BM suppression---decrease in all cell lines
110
Gossypol lead to _______,____,______ toxicities after chronic ingestion
Cardiac Hepatic Renal
111
Poison hemlock/conium maculatum. In CATTLE
- TP=coniine - MOUSY ODOUR+HINDLIMB weakness+dilated pupil+slow HR & RR - ingestion by PA------arthrogryposis -MOUSY ODOUR FROM URINE AND BREATH
112
Cyanide tox.
- by PRUNUS sp.(cherry,apricot,peach) - MM RED - spasms+salivation+high HR and RR
113
Yellow star thistle/russian knapweed SC is
Centaurea Desi=YELLOW STAR ch RUSSIANS CENT banaunde ne
114
Nigropallidal encephalomalacia
- ingestion of CENTAUREA sp. - only horse effected - necrosis of neurons in SUBSTANTIA NIGRA and GLOBUS PALIDUS - aka CHEWING dz. - face hypertonicity+CURLING of lips+involuntary CHEWING movements Horse CANT chew, but CAN swallow Rx: euthanasia
115
SC of TALL FESCuE
Neotyphodium Desi= plant ute FISH, piche GURINDER te ohnu AGG lagi
116
ABDOMINAL FAT NECROSIS
Aka LIPOMATOSIS | Caused by eating TALL FESCUE
117
Bracken fern poisoning lead to ________ def. which lead to ________ and ________
Thiamine Lethargy Ataxia
118
SLUDDE + miosis Suspect what?
OP or carbamate poisoning Rx: atorpine,pralidoxime(2-PAM)
119
Horse with POSTERIOR PARESIS,high CK,TACHY,TYING UP What did it eat?
Ionophore
120
Greasewood SC is
Sarcobatus Desi= wood nu GREASE la ke SAR do
121
-OXALATE poisoning
-bind to Ca in blood-----hypocalcemia -Ca oxalate stones----kidney failure Head lower--seperate from head---excesss saivate with froth---iprog. Incoordination----coma---death
122
Plants containing oxalates
``` Greasewood Sorrel Dock Pigweed Lambsquater ``` Desi= oxygen needed by PIG & LAMB for DOCKING..end ch GREASE la do
123
Onion tox. In cats
Oxidative damage to rbc---heinza body anemia Hb in urine Dont give garlic and onion
124
Full rx for antifreeze tox.
Induce vomit----charcoal , sodium sulfate IV fluid--diuresis Treat METABOLIC ACIDOSIS To prevent metabolism of Eg---give 4-MP
125
Azaleas(rhodo-dendron)
CARDIAC ARYTHMIA+GASTRIC problem Desi= AZAM nu ROAD ute ARY. Te GIT prob hui
126
Water hemlock
Sc=cicuta | Convulsion---death
127
Horsebush
Sc=tetradymia Liver damage---photosensitization BIG HEAD
128
Larkspur
Sc=delphinium | BLOAT + salivation
129
False hellbere
Sc= veratum Weak muscle+paralysis Brady+dyspnoea CONGENITAL CYCLOPS in LAMBS Desi= HELL ch sare muscle paralysis i.e. HEART,DIAPHRRAGM,SKELE. M
130
Dark chocolate blood in which poisonining?
Nitrate
131
Garlicky odour in _____ toxicity
Selenium Selena nu garlic pasand
132
Mouse like odour in ______ toxicity
Poison HEMLOCK(conium sp.) HEMA malini de CAN ch MOUSE
133
Alkali disease aka
Selenium toxicity
134
Blind staggers aka ______
Selenium toxicity Selene STAGE ton dig ke BLIND ho gi, ohnu ALLI ne bachaea
135
Milk sickness by eatng ________ plant
White snakeroop(eupa-tropium sp.)
136
Crooked calf syndrome by eating _____ plant at _____ gestation age
- LUPINE | - 40-70 days
137
Limberleg caused by ______ plant
ACAIA sp.
138
Bright blindness: - seen in _____ species - by eating ______ plant
- SHEEP | - Bracken fern
139
Ptaquiloside in bracken fern causes renital atrophy in sheep ka ______
Bright blindness
140
3 plants causing thiamine deficiency in horse?
- bracken fern - horse tail - scouring RUSH Brock ne thigh khadi, ohde tail ug gi te rashs ho ge
141
Copper toxicity is genetic in _____ dog breeds
Bedlington terriers
142
Which species is most predisposed to COPPER toxicity?
Sheep
143
COPPER build up in ____ organ in toxicityq
Liver
144
Cu toxicity cause _____ crisis
HEMOLYTIC
145
3 plants causing Cu toxicity?
- Senecio - Trifolium - Heliotropium
146
Senecio aka ______
Ragweed CENA RAG paunda
147
Trifolium causes _______ and ______
- Cu toxicity | - Estrogenism
148
Cyanide found in which 3 grasses?
- johnson grass - sudan grass - white clover
149
Toxic chemical in CYANIDE plant?
PRUSSIC ACID
150
Cyanide combine with _____ in CYTOCHROME OXIDASE in cells
Fe I.e. IRON
151
Tell the condition: - BRIGHT RED BLOOD - CHOCOLATE BLOOD
- CYANIDE | - NITRATE
152
_____ smell in rumen in cyanide poisoning
BITTER ALMOND
153
_____ test increase in ANTICOAGULANT RODENTICIDE poisoning
PT
154
Shape of crystals form in antifreeze toxicity
MALTESE CROSS
155
2 rx for CARBAMATE toxicity?
- ATROPINE | - ALLOXINE
156
ALLOXINE is Rx for ________
CARBAMATE toxicity
157
ALLOXINE is __________
Cholinestrate reactivator
158
OPP compounds have _____ and _____ in name
THION | PHOS
159
Highest concentration of LEAD in _____ organ
KIDNEY
160
What is diagnostic value of lead in kidney for toxicity?
>4 PPM
161
Rx for LEAD toxicity?
- Ca EDTA | - thimine
162
NITRATE is not found in grains of plant. T/F
T
163
Rx for NITRATE toxicity?
METHYLENE BLUE
164
METHYLENE BLUE IS rx for _______
NITRATE toxicity
165
Place to take diagnostic sample for NITRATE toxicity?
OCULAR FLUID
166
PCB and DIOXINS are ______
Halogenated cyclic hydrocarbons
167
2 plants causing abortion?
- astargalus | - ponderosa pine
168
A plant that cause ABORTION and CONTRACTED TENDON?
Astragalus
169
Subteranean clover cause _______
Estrogenism
170
Subteranean clover scientific name is _______
Trifolium repens
171
Name 5 plants which are teratogens?
- veratrum(false hellebore) - lupine - conium(hemlock) - astragalus(locoweed) - tobaco
172
Tobaco as teratogen cause ___ and _____
- arthrogryphosis | - twisted limbs
173
Lupine as teratogen cause _______
Crooked calf
174
These are caused by: - cyclops= - crooked calf=
- false hellebore | - lupine
175
Conium/hemlock as teratogen cause ______
-arthrogryposis
176
Astragalus/locoweed as teratogen cause ______ and ______
- arthrogryposis | - conracted tendon
177
Tobaco,hemlock,locoweed cause ARTHROGRYPOSIS. T/F
T
178
Buckwheat and St. john wort cause ________
Photosensitization
179
Cyanide in which type of fruits?
Prunus/pitted fruits
180
Which grasses have cyanide?
- johnson grass - sorghum - corn
181
Which large tree has cyanide?
Eucalyptus
182
Which berry has cyanide?
Elder berry
183
_____foot and _____ clover has cyanide
- Bird | - white
184
Meth-hemoglobinemia is caused by _____ toxicity
-Nitrate
185
Name 5 plants which cause nitrate poisoning?
- amaranthus - oats - corn - beet - lamb quater - sorghum
186
Which plant cause bleeding?
Sweetclover
187
Scientific name of sweetclover is ______
Meli-lotus
188
TP in sweetclover is _______
-dicoumarol
189
Name 3 plants causing hemolysis
- red maple - onion - brassica
190
SN of red maple
Acer rubrum
191
Brassica include _____ and _____
- canola | - rapeseed
192
TP in onion is ____
N-propyl disulfide
193
TP in brassica is ______
S-methyl cystine sulfoxide
194
Brassica cause _____
Hemolysis
195
Brassica and acer rubrum form HEINZ BODY . T/F
T
196
Name a plant which cause BM depression
-Bracken fern
197
Canola cause _______ formation and ______ problem
- heinz body | - lung
198
2 TP in bracken fern?
- ptaquiloside | - thiaminase
199
3 plants which cause pulmonary toxicity?
- Brassica - sweet potato(ipomea) - purple mint(perilla)
200
_____ mint cause pulmonary toxicity
Purple *purple mint ka perilla
201
Digitalis is ______toxic
Cardio
202
Name 4 plants which have digitalis and cause heart problem?
- foxglove(digitalis purpurea) - dogbane - oleander - lily of valley(apocynum)
203
Name 2 plants which have "DIGITALIS like" effect?
- monkshood(aconitum) - milkweed *cardiotoxic + GI signs
204
Aconitum is SN for ______
-monkshood
205
Name 2 misc cardiotoxic plants
- yew(taxus) | - death camus
206
Which part of yew is not cardiotoxic?
Fruit
207
TP in taxus/yew
Taxine
208
Which 2 plants cause ALTERED PERIPHERIAL CIRCULATION?
- tall fescue | - black walnut(juglans nigra)
209
Black walnut and tall fascue cause circulation problems. T/F
T
210
SN for black walnut
Juglans nigra
211
Black lameness cause ____ in horse
LAMINITS
212
Tall fescue SN is ______
-acremonium
213
Tall fescue cause _____,______ and _______
- summer syndrome - fescue foot - bovine fat necrosis
214
Andro-medo-toxicosis has effect similar to ______
-digitalis
215
Ando-medo-toxicosis is caused by which 3 plants?
- kalmia(calf kill,lamb kill) - pierus japonica - rhododendron
216
TP in oak/quercus
Gallotoxin
217
Oak is _____toxic
Nephro
218
Name 4 plants which are nephrotoxic?
- oak - oxalate containing plants - vit. D containing plants - amaranthus - lily
219
SN of amaranthus?
Pigweed
220
amaranthus cause _____ and _____ poisoning
- oxalate | - nitrate
221
Gallotoxin in _____
Oak
222
Oxalate and nitrate are present in ______ plant
Amaranthus/pig weed
223
Which plant cause nephrosis?
Amaranthus
224
3 main plants containing OXALATE?
- lamb quarter - beet - rhubarb
225
3 plants containing vit. D?
- cestrum(jessamine) - trisetum(golden oats) - solanum
226
Toxic principle in cestrum,trisetum,solanum is ______
Calcitriol
227
3 plants causing secondary photosensitization?
- agave - lantana - tetradymia(horsebush) *ag lan tati
228
Lupine is aka ______
Bluebonnet
229
Bluebonnet is aka ____
Lupine
230
Lupine has a neurotoxin and a reprotoxin. T/F
T
231
2 TP in LUPINE?
- quino-lizidine | - anagyrine
232
Lupine cause _____ syndrome
Crooked calf
233
Crooked calf syndrome is caused by _____
Lupine
234
3 features in crooken calf syndrome?
- torticollis - carpal flexure - scoliosis
235
When should a pregnant cattle eat LUPINE to cause CROOKED CALF SYNDROME?
-day 40-70
236
Two plants causing muscle weakness?
- sorgum/sudan grass | - cassia/coffe senna
237
Sorghum is aka ______ and ______
- sudan grass | - johnson grass
238
TP in sorghum?
-B cyano alanine
239
B cyano alanine is present in _______
Sorghum
240
Sorghum cause _____ syndrome
-equine sorghum cystitis ataxia syndrome
241
Cassia is aka _____ and _____
- sickepod | - coffe senna
242
Cassia cause _______
Muscle necrosis
243
Which plant cause muscle necrosis?
Coffee senna/cassia
244
Name 4 plants which are GI toxicants?
- buttercup - castor bean - stinging nettle - mustard
245
Name 2 plants which have NEUROMUSCULAR effects?
- conium/poison hemlock | - delphinium/larkspur
246
Conium aka _______
Poison hemlock
247
Delphinium aka ______
Larkspur
248
Poison hemlock and larkspur have nicotinic effects. T/F
T
249
What is TERATOGENIC efect of poison hemlock?
- crooked limbs | - cleft palate
250
____ odour from leaves of conium/poison hemlock
Mouse like
251
_____ family plants have antiACHE affects
- nightshade family | * tomato and groundcherry too have
252
3 plants which have anti-cholinergic effect?
- deadly and black nightshade - jimson weed - potato
253
White snakeroot SN is ______
-eupatorium
254
TP in WHITE SNAKEROOT?
Trematrol
255
White snakeroot cause ______ sickeness
Milk
256
2 effects of white snakeroot?
- CNS depressant | - cardiac effect(CHF)
257
Eupatropium cause CNS depression and CARDIAC problem. T/F
T
258
3 toxic principles in astragalus?
- miserotoxin - swainsonine - selenium
259
Miserotoxin in locoweed cause ________ condition
CRACKED HEEL
260
Selenium in locoweed cause _____ and ______
- alkali disease | - blind staggers
261
3 plants which cause seizures?
- milkweed(+cardiac problems) - cicuta/water hemlock(resemble strychinine) - dicentra(breech)
262
_____- cause exostosis an mottled teeth
Fluride
263
Inorganic arsenic effect _____ and _____ system
- cardiac | - GIT
264
Rx for inorganic arsenic?
- DSMA | - DMPS
265
Which is more toxic? - organic arsenals - inorganic arsenals
-inorganic
266
Two type of organic arsenals?
- aliphatic(thiacetarsemide) | - aromatic(feed additive)
267
Organic arsenals cause _____ dz
Demyelinating NEURO
268
C$ of organic arsenicals?
- posterior paresis - blindness *BAR
269
Blue green algae is ______bacteria
Cyano
270
SN of blue green algae?
-microcytis aeruginosa
271
Toxins in blue green algae?
- ana toxin | - saxi toxin
272
Anatoxin and saxitoxin are present in blue green algae. T/F
T
273
Monogastrics are more sensitive to blue green algae. T/F
F *monogastrics are less resistance
274
Animals that survive blue green algae cause ___________
Secondary photosensitization
275
Meli-lotus is sweetclover. T/F
T
276
MOA of STRYCHNINE
Inhibits GLYCINE *glycine is inhibitory neurotransmittor
277
Strychnine cause ______ type of muscle problem
Tetanic
278
Strychnine cause death by ______
-asphyxiation
279
Sorgum: - aka - which fungus grow on it? - which TP do it form?
- tall fescue - acremonium - erotine alkaloid
280
Sudan grass poisoning: - which species? - cause ______ and ______
- horses - pyelonephritis - abortions
281
GARLICKY odor on breath. | Which toxicity?
-selenium
282
Alkali disease features?
- cracked hooves | * caused by selenium toxicity
283
Selenium toxicity cause _______ staggers
BLIND
284
Salt toxicity: - most sensitive species= - most resistant species=
- pig | - sheep
285
Sodium is not TP in salt poisoning. T/F
T
286
Which species is most susceptible to molybdenum toxicity?
Ruminants
287
Mercury accumulates in which organs?
- brain - kidney - muscle
288
Mercury cause CNS stimulation or depression?
Stimulation
289
Rx for mercury poisoning?
DMSA
290
CNS stimulation and HYPERMETRIA is caused by _____ toxicity
Mercury
291
Walking disease is caused by ______
Pyrolizidine alkaloids
292
Walking disease means __________
-hepatic encephalopathy
293
Fiddleneck,comfrey,senecio,crotalaria have pyrolizidine alkaloids. T/F
T
294
_____ species is most sensitive to NPN
Cattle
295
_____ mold is responsible for MYCOTIC LUPINOSIS
-phomopsis
296
______ occurs in mycotic lupinosis
-hepatic injury----photosensitization
297
- _____ occur in mycotic lupinosis | - ______ occurs by eating lupine
- hepatic injury | - crooked calf syndrome
298
- Walking dz by ________ | - alkali dz by ______
- pyrolizidine alkaloid containing plants | - selenium toxicity
299
Slaframine toxicosis: - aka _______ - plant=_______ - mold=_________
- slobbers - trifolium retense(RED CLOVER) - rhizoctonia(BLACK PATCH DISEASE)
300
Phomosis mold grow on ______ plant
Lupine *lupine without phomosis cause crooked calf syndorme
301
____ poisoning associated with EPIDEMIC HYPERTHERMIA
Fescue
302
Facial eczema aka _____
Pitho-myco-toxicosis
303
TP responsible for FACIAL ECZEMA
-sporodesmin
304
Sporodesmin cause _______toxicosis
Pithomyco
305
______ occurs in FACIAL ECZEMA
-liver damage-----secondary photosensitization
306
Black light test for which toxin?
Mycotoxin
307
Mycotoxicosis is most common in : - ______ - ______ - _______
- piglets - poultry - young calves
308
HSCAS is Rx for _____
Aflatoxicosis
309
Nitrite oxidise ferrous to ______
Ferric
310
Nitrate not in grain. T/F
T
311
Highest concentration of lead in ____ in body
Kidney
312
Ca-EDTA is Rx for ______
LEAD
313
LEAD toxicity is most common in ____ and _____
- dog | - cattle
314
Trithecocene cause _____,_____,_____
- vomit - anorexia - immunosuppression
315
Which mycotoxin cause immunosuppresion?
Trithecocene

Zuku toxicology (1 decks)

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