Toxicology Flashcards
(25 cards)
examples of halogenated hydrocarbons
CCl4, chloroform
eye/respiratory irritation, nausea, dizziness, HA, death
CNS depression
examples of aromatic hydrocarbons
benzene, toluene
Exposure can occur through inhalation and ingestion
examples of pesticides and MOA
carbamate, pyrethroids, rotenone, DDT
inhibit achase, mess with Na channels
lead is found in
Old paint, drinking water, industrial pollution, food and contaminated dust
distributed in bone, teeth, and hair
lead can cause these problems
CNS encephalopathy
microcytic anemia
GI pain
Visual disturbances, parethesias, ataxia, hearing loss, mental deterioration, muscle tremors, movement disorders
Severe exposure can cause paralysis and death
mercury poison, there is elemental, organic, and inorganic mercury salts
sometimes misdiagnosed as AD or dementia in elderly
most dangerous to fetus
skin changes including “raindrop” pattern of hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratoses involving the palms and soles
arsenic
how to tx APAP OD?
n-acetyl cysteine
how to tx cyanide poison?
sodium nitrate
sodium thiosulfate
amyl nitrate
how to tx methanol poison?
fomepizole
hwo to tx mercury or arsenic poison?
chelator, dimercaprol
how to tx lead poison?
chelator, dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer)
Edatate calcium disodium
benzo OD tx
flumazenil
opiate OD tx
naloxone
naltrexone
nalmefene
how to treat nerve gas/organophosphates
atropine
how to tx heparin OD
protamine sulfate
these cause pupil dilation
amphetamines, cocaine, LSD, atropine, anticholinergics
these cause pupil constriction
opiates, clonidine, cholinesterase inhibitors
occupational toxicology
Deals with chemicals found in the workplace
environmental toxicology
Potential impact of chemicals, as pollutants of environment, on living organisms
Air, soil, water
Terrestrial and aquatic species
Industrialization, technological development, urbanization, pesticides
ecotoxicology
Toxic effects of chemicals and physical agents on populations and communities of living organisms within defined ecosystems
vulnerable areas
Lungs, liver (portals of entry) and tissues with high blood flow (brain, kidney) are particularly vulnerable to toxic actions
non selective
Corrosive compounds and other chemicals lead to local irritation and/or caustic effects which are nonselective and occur at the site of exposure
selective
Toxic effects interfering with the functions of specific biochemical pathways and/or affecting the function of macromolecules within a tissue
Apparent after absorption and distribution
