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Clinical Chemistry 2 > TOXICOLOGY AND DRUG OF ABUSE > Flashcards

TOXICOLOGY AND DRUG OF ABUSE Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

study of substances toxic to the body

A

toxicology

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2
Q

dose that would be predicted to produce a toxic response in 50% of the population

A

TD50

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3
Q

dose that would predict death in 50% of the population

A

LD50

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4
Q

dose that would be predicted as affective or has a therapeutic benefit in 50% of the population

A

ED50

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5
Q

Common CNS depressants which may cause disorientation, euphoria, confusion, and may progress to unconsciousness, paralysis and even death

A

Alcohol

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6
Q

Most common abused drug; a CNS depressant which causes diuresis by inhibiting ADH

A

Ethanol (Grain Alcohol)

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7
Q

Antidote for chronic intoxication of ethanol

A

diazepam

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8
Q

preferred method for ethanol

A

enzymatic using alcohol dehydrogenase reagent

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9
Q

commonly used solvent and a contaminant of homemade liquors. Converted to formaldehyde, and formic acid in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenase

A

methanol (wood alcohol)

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10
Q

preferred method for methanol

A

GC-MS

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11
Q

Rapidly absorbed by the GIT and is metabolized by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase to acetone

A

Isopropanol (rubbing alcohol)

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12
Q

what is the antidote and preferred method for isopropanol?

A

Activated charcoal and gas chromatography

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13
Q

common constituent of hydraulic fluid and antifreeze

A

ethylene glycol
- hplc as preferred method

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14
Q

Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas and a very toxic substance. Produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances such as gasoline engines, organic materials in fire and cigarette smokes

A

carbon monoxide

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15
Q

symptoms of alcohol intoxication begin when the concentration is?

A

> 0.05%

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16
Q

Can exist as a solid, gas, or in solution. Super toxic substance and death may occur less than an hour. It is a component of insecticides and rodenticides , and a common suicidal agent

A

cyanide
-odor of bitter almonds

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17
Q

Common of ant poisons, rodenticides, paints, and metal alloys. Common suicide, and heavy metal poisoning

A

arsenic
- “odor of garlic” breath

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18
Q

It inhibits sulfhydryl enzymes throughout the body and it crosses the placenta

A

arsenic

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19
Q

antidote for arsenic?

A

British anti-lewisite

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20
Q

It is utilized in electroplating and galvanizing. It is a significant environmental pollutant and a pigment in paints and plastics. Causes Itai-Itai Disease

A

Cadmium

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21
Q

Potent enzyme inhibitor by blocking the delta aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase, pyrimidine-5’ nucleotidase, and NA-K-dependent ATPase

A

Lead

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22
Q

Metals that can cross the placenta

A

Lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury

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23
Q

Neurological symptoms may include: encephalopathy characterized by a cerebral edema and ischemia. Severe can lead to stupor, convulsions and coma

A

Lead
-with a characteristic of wrist drop or foot drop

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24
Q

Binds with sulfhydryl proteins. And inhibits catecholamine-0-methyltransferase

A

Mercury

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25
Major toxic effect of elemental mercury
Pink disease (acrodynia) and erethism
26
Major toxic effect if alkyl mercury
Congenital Minimata Disease
27
Method for mercury
Reinsch test
28
A product of incomplete combustion or heating of organic material containing carbon and hydrogen. Known environmental contaminant with carcinogenic property
Benzo (A) pyrene
29
Therapeutically used for treatment of narcolepsy and attentional deficit disorder. Structurally related to dopamine and catecholamines
Amphetamines
30
most abundant pesticide and responsible for 1/3 of pesticide poisoning
organophosphates
31
First marketed as benzedrine and was used to treat obesity before
Amphetamines
32
bennies, black beauties, crank, ice, speed and uppers
Amphetamines
33
also known as uppers because they increase the alertness and energy of the person taking them
stimulants
34
also known as opioids. Drugs that relieves pain
Narcotics
35
capable of analgesia, sedation, and anesthesia. Derived chemically from opium poppy.
Opiates
36
antagonist for opiate overdose
naloxon or narcan
37
Big H, Black Tar, Chiva, Hell Dust, Horse, Negra, Smack, and Thunder
Heroin
38
D, Dillies, Dust, Footballs, Juice and Smack
Hydromorphone
39
Amidones, Chocolate Chip cookies, Fizzies, Maria, Pastora, Salvia, Street Methadone and Wafer. This is a synthetic narcotic
Methadone
40
Most effective narcotic for pain. Principal constituent of opium and non-synthetic
Morphine
41
Dreamer, Emsel, first Line, god's Drug, Hows, MS, Mister Blue, Morf, Morpho, and Unkie
Morphine
42
Ah-pen-yen, Aunti, Aunti Emma, Big O, Black Pill, Chandoo, Chinese Molasses, Chinese Tobacco, Dover’s Powder, Dream Gun, Dream Stick, Easing Powder, God’s Medicine, Hops, Midnight oil, Joy Plant, Zero, Toys and Toxy
Opium
43
Synthesize from thebaine, a constituent of the poppy plant. Hillbilly heroin, Kicker, OC, Ox, Roxy, Perc, Oxy
OXYCODONE
44
Heroin, Morphine, Oxycodone, Fentanyl, Methadone, Codeine, Hydrocodone
Constricted pupils
45
Marijuana, cocaine or crack, benzodiazepines, depressants (alcohol sedatives)
red eyes
46
Ampethamines, methamphetamines, cocaine or crack, hallucinogens, opiates, heroin, marijuana, speed
dilated pupils
47
● Coca, Coke, Crack, Flake, Snow and Sod Cot ● Has a strong addictive potentialve potential
Cocaine
48
● It is derived from coca plant and used ● Used as local anesthetics for as additive to some food nasopharyngeal surgery ● A potent CNS stimulant that elicits a sense of excitement and euphoria ● Can cause sudden death due to direct toxicity on myocardium ● Overdosage may result to violent behavior
Cocaine
49
Inhibitor and treatment for cocaine
● Inhibitor: Prozac (anti-depressant) ● Treatment: Benzodiazepine
50
● Abyssinian Tea, African Salad, Catha, Chat, Kat, Oat ● Has a stimulant effect
Khat
51
“Zombie drugs” because of high energy and aggressiveness and occassional skimming
Flakka
52
Shabu, Meth, Ice, Crank, Chalk, Crystal, Fire, go fast and Speed ● “Poor man’s cocaine” ● Common in the Philippines ● CNS stimulant
Methamphetamine
53
This will put you to sleep, relieve pain, anxiety and muscle spasms and prevent seizure
DEPRESSANTS
54
Barbs, Block Buster, Christmas Trees, Goof Balls, Pinks,Red Devils, red and Blues and Yellow Jackets
BARBITURATES
55
Common for sedation, to induce sleep, anxiety, muscle spasm, and also for seizures.
BENZODIAZEPINES
56
a pill; “date-rape” pill (mga nilalagay sa drinks)
Rohypnol
57
Easy Lay, G, Georgia Home Boy, GHB, Goop, Grievous bodily Harm, Liquid Ecstacy, Liquid X and Scoop. Also sold as fish tank cleaner, ink stain remover, ink cartridge remover and nail enamel remover
Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid
58
Circle, Forget-Me Pill, La Rocha, Lunch Money Drug, Mexican Valium, Reynold, Roach, Roapies, Rophies, Wolfies and Date-Rape Drug
Rohypnol
59
Adams, Beans, Clarity, Disco Biscuits, E, Eve, Go, Hug Drug, Lover’s Speed, Peace, STP, X, Party drug and XTC
ECSTACY / MDMA
60
Acid, Blotter Acids, Dots, Mellow Yellow and Window Pane
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
61
Has no medical use ● For patients who has LSD or took LSD, they exhibit a behavior described as “Mainitin ang ulo” (hot-headed)
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) - diazepam ang antidote
62
It came from a plant that has a psychoactive properties known as the Cannabis sativa / Cannabis indica / Cannabis ruderalis
MARIJUANA/ CANNABIS
63
Aunt Mary, BC Bud, Blunts, Boom, Dope, Gangster, Ganja, Grass, Hash, Hash-ish, Herb, Kif, Joint, Mary Jane, Pot, Reefer, Sinsemilla, Skunk, Smoke, Weed and Yerba
MARIJUANA/ CANNABIS
64
most potent component or the psychoactive substance of marijuana (induces euphoria)
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
65
angel’s dust or angel hair
PHENCYCLIDINE
66
Chemically associated with male hormone testosterone
ANABOLIC STEROIDS
67
Arnolds, Juice, Pumpers, Roids, Stackers, and Weight Gainers
STEROID

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