TQM Flashcards
(45 cards)
It is machinery that has sensing and
control devices that enable it to operate automatically.
Automation
The maximum possible output given a product mix,
scheduling difficulties, machine maintenance, quality
factors and so on
Effective capacity
Deciding on the way production of
goods or services will be organized
Process selection
- Evolved from programmable automation.
- This permits almost continuous operation of
equipment and product variety without the
need to produce in batches.
Flexible Automation
The maximum output that can possibly be attained.
Design capacity
The rate of output achieved. It cannot exceed effective
capacity.
Actual output
- It uses high-cost, specialized equipment for a
fixed sequence of operations. - Low cost and high volume are its primary
advantages. - Minimal variety and high cost of making
changes in either product or process are its
primary limitations.
Fixed Automation
Key Aspects of Process Strategy
- Make or Buy Decisions
- Capital intensive
- Process flexibility
- Allows the production equipment and
automation to be altered to changing needs. - This is done by controlling the automation
through a program, which can be coded in
certain ways for the automation to change the
sequence of automation.
Programmable Automation
The very first step in process planning is to consider
whether to make or buy (outsource) some or all of a
product or some or all of a service.
Make or Buy Decisions
Repetitive processing is
needed when higher volumes of more
standardized goods and services are needed.
Repetitive Process
Used for work that is non-routine, with
a unique set of objectives to be accomplished in
a limited time frame.
Project
Usually operates on a relatively small
scale. Processing is intermittent; work shifts
from one small job to the next, each with
somewhat different processing requirements.
Job Shop
The mix of equipment and
labor that will be used by the organization.
Capital intensive
Used when a moderate volume
of goods and services is desired, and it can
handle moderate variety in products and
services.
Batch Process
Used when a very high
volume of highly standardized output is desired
Continuous Process
The degree to which system
can be adjusted to changes in processing
requirements due to changes in design, volume
and technology.
Process flexibility
Kinds of Automation:
- Fixed Automation
- Programmable Automation
- Flexible Automation
Extra capacity used to offset
demand uncertainty
Capacity Cushion
Uses standardized processing operations
to achieve smooth, rapid, high-volume flow. (repetitive
& continuous process)
Product layout
The product or project
remains stationary, and workers, materials, and
equipment are moved as needed. (project)
Fixed Position layout
Can handle varied processing
requirements. (job shop, batch process)
Process layout
BASIC LAYOUT TYPES:
Product layout
Process layout
Fixed Position layout
The configuration of departments, work
centers, and equipment, with particular emphasis on
movement of work (customers or materials) through
the system.
Layout
