Trace Minerals Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is a trace mineral
less than 100 mg intake per day
Iron Copper Chromium Iodine Selenium Fluoride *Zinc Molybdenum Manganese
the extent to which other dietary constituents affect the absorption & retention of a nutrient
Bioavailability
Trace minerals especially susceptible to interference w/ absorption
IRON – What does it do?
o2 transport
electron transport
dopamine synth
CNS myelination
Source of Iron
Meats/flesh, liver (all milks = poor source)
Plant sources: legumes, whole grains, nuts;
Fe-fortified foods (infant formula, cereals/grains)
Phytic Acid
Storage form of phosphorus in plants
Binds cations – Zn, Fe, Ca – in gut
Globally= major cause of dietary deficiencies
vit c and iron
Fe3+ –> Fe2+ better absorbed;
ascorbic acid reduces Fe, forms complex
systemic inflammation will decrease iron absorption
Main site of control for iron
absorption
Deficiency –> ↓ Hepcidin (liver) –> ↑ uptake
Inflammation–> ↑Hepcidin –> ↓ uptake
What stores iron
ferritin- there is very low free iron
liver, bone, spleen
What transports iron
transferrin
How do you get rid of iron
really there is no way except to bleed
Who Needs Iron?
breast fed infant and premes Poor intake menstrual loss Pregos Blood loss Obese
Most common micronutrient deficiency in world, including U.S.
Iron def
Iron Deficiency: Effects
anemia- microcytic
Impaired cognition- irreversible
Babies and iron
at 4-6 months baby start making their own hemoglobin and have increased needs
Hereditary hemochromatosis is
Hereditary hemochromatosis =defect in hepcidin
Zinc: What does it do?
regulates gene expression
stabilizes molecular structure
Cofactor for like a billion enzymes
modulates hormones/NTs
hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, shock, liver failure;± fatal
iron toxicity
Iron Toxicity
Potent pro-oxidant: avoid unnecessary supplementation
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
an autosomal recessive[1] metabolic disorder affecting the uptake of zinc, characterized by periorificial (around the natural orifices) and acral (in the limbs) dermatitis, alopecia (loss of hair), and diarrhea.
Dermatitis (acro-orificial) Personality changes Immune dysfunction Delayed sexual maturation Anorexia Diarrhea
Zinc Deficiency s/s
Moderate
Growth delays
Anorexia
Impaired immune function
Mild Zn deficiency
much more common than moderate-severe deficiency
Globally, Zn deficiency 2nd to Fe deficiency
