trade unions - from essays

Question 1

1914-18 … men joined armed forces = … total pre-war male labour force

Answer 1

5,670,000
~38%

Question 2

by … … chemical & explosives workers, … electrical engineers & … miners enlisted creating serious shortage skilled labour

Answer 2

July 1915
25%
24%
22%

Question 3

… fewer engineering workers than before war & munitions factories … workers short of requirements

Answer 3

48,000
14,000

Question 4

(WWI) trade union membership rose from … to …

Answer 4

almost 4mil
almost 6mil

Question 5

key wartime industries union membership grew most rapidly - mining by …, railways by …

Answer 5

17.5%
56%

Question 6

DORA … & Munitions Act …

Answer 6

1914
1915

Question 7

… Rent Strike in Clydeside

Answer 7

1915

Question 8

… strikes at Fairfield Shipyard on Clyde -> abolition leaving certificates in …

Answer 8

1915
1916

Question 9

(WW1) strike action inc. steadily - … all working days lost occurred in …

Answer 9

68%
1917-18

Question 10

(WWI) … all workers in engineering industry granted … pay inc. following extensive strike action

Answer 10

1917
12.5%

Question 11

40-Hour Strike … campaigned for … to 40 hour working week

Answer 11

1919
47

Question 12

(40-Hour Strike) … workers by … -> … English soldiers

Answer 12

60,000
31st
10,000

Question 13

(40-Hour Strike) leaders …, … & … jailed for several months

Answer 13

Shinwell
Gallacher
Kirkwood

Question 14

B Army = … men Nov 1918 -> … 1919

Answer 14

almost 3.8mil
900,000

Question 15

by 1920 … members

Answer 15

over 8mil

Question 16

… Railways Strike led by … demanding continuation wartime wages

Answer 16

1919
NUM

Question 17

… Miners’ Strike led by … demanding continued nationalisation

Answer 17

1921
MFGB

Question 18

Russian Rev … & German ‘Oct Rev’ …

Answer 18

1917
1918

Question 19

… leader of NUR, … leader of MFGB = committed socialists

Answer 19

Jimmy Thomas
Robert Smillie

Question 20

some historians e.g. … & … have argued union activity didn’t represent ‘revolutionary activity’

Answer 20

Ian McLean
Alastair Reid

Question 21

1922 election Com Party … vote, Lab … & Con …

Answer 21

0.2%
29.7%
38.5%

Question 22

following denationalisation in … mining wages slashed … nationally, … in S Wales

Answer 22

1921
30%
49%

Question 23

Miners’ Strike … collapsed after … following ‘betrayal’ by …

Answer 23

1921
10 weeks
NUR/NTWF

Question 24

Samuel Commission … recommended … pay cut

Answer 24

1926
13.5%

Question 25

Arthur Cook's slogan ...

Answer 25

'not a penny off the pay, not a minute on the day'

Question 26

... mine owners announced would no longer abide by Min Wage Agreement ... = reducing wages by ... & lengthening working day ...

Answer 26

1925 1924 13% from 7 to 8 hours

Question 27

Baldwin agreed to subsidise miners' wages for ... = ... hailed as 'Red Friday'

Answer 27

9 months 31st July 1925

Question 28

1921-25 likely B workers saw total fall in wages of ...

Answer 28

£12mil/week

Question 29

... Chancellor of Exchequer Churchill reintroduced Gold Standard = fixed value at ...

Answer 29

1925 $4.46

Question 30

'Black Friday'

Answer 30

1921

Question 31

(Gen Strike) ... co-ordinated strikers' activities on behalf General Council

Answer 31

Ernest Bevin & Strike Organisation Committee

Question 32

historian ... suggests studies represent Gen Strike as 'chaotic'

Answer 32

Keith Laybourn

Question 33

... power stations remained open & in ... ... new 1,000-tonne ships arriving & unloaded throughout May

Answer 33

London, Barnsley & other industrial areas Merseyside 50

Question 34

(Gen Strike) invoked Emergency Powers Act ... using troops to man essential services

Answer 34

1920

Question 35

(Gen Strike) recruited ... volunteers into Organisation for the maintenance of Supplies

Answer 35

~5,000

Question 36

(Gen Strike) London short flour -> ... convoy ... lorries & armoured cars escorted food & essentials to food centre in Hyde Park

Answer 36

8th May over 100

Question 37

BBC formed in ..., during Gen Strike no news broadcast until personally vetted by ..., all ... daily news bulletins submitted for approval

Answer 37

1922 John Colin Campbell Davidson, Chairman Con Party 5

Question 38

(Gen Strike) produced ..., ... only allowed to be published as 4-page publication

Answer 38

B Gazette B Worker