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Personality Psych > Trait Approaches > Flashcards

Trait Approaches Flashcards

1
Q

Four approaches

A

Single trait, many trait, essential trait, typological approach.

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2
Q

Single trait

A

Identify all behaviors and life outcomes for one personality trait.
Ex: narcissism, self monitoring 

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3
Q

Many trait approach

A

Attempts to identify all of the personality traits that predict a particular behavior or life outcome
Ex. Preschool personality traits, conservative adult
Delinquent children ~> what traits

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4
Q

California Q set

A

Forced normal distribution

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5
Q

The essential trait approach

A

Identify the set of traits that are generally most important for describing and predicting behavior
Ex: cattells 16 essential traits, eysencks giant 3, big 5 

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6
Q

Eysencks giant 3

A

PEN
Psychoticism- aggressive, impulsive, self indulgent
Extroversion
Neuroticism

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7
Q

Big 5

A

OCEAN

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8
Q

The typological approach

A

Identifies groups of people with distinct combinations of personality characteristics. Qualitative rather than quantitative differences.
Ex. Myers brigs 

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9
Q

Factor, facet, habit

A

Factor- extroversion
Facet- sociability
Habit- smiling or telling a joke

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10
Q

Neo

A

Divides each of big five into six facets

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11
Q

Meta traits

A

Stability and plasticity

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12
Q

Stability

A

Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism 
How much impulse control and self control you have.
Linked to serotonin

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13
Q

Plasticity

A

Extroversion and openness
Engagement with the world and open to new experiences.
Linked to dopamine.

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14
Q

State levels of personality

A

South East higher agreeableness
North east higher neuroticism
Openness higher in major cities bc there’s more diversity and openness is facilitated

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15
Q

Appearance and big five

A

Agreeableness extroversion and openness

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16
Q

Valid and invalid cue

A

Invalid- how stale a room seemed and neuroticism
Valid- variety of CDs and openness

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17
Q

Pros of big five

A

Most traits conceptualized.
Quick and easy way to describe others.

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18
Q

Cons of big five

A

Are they most essential? (HEXACO)
Descriptive not explanatory.
Empirically derived not theory based.
Oversimplified.

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19
Q

Plaster hypothesis

A

Personality doesn’t change after 30

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20
Q

Mean level change

A

Average score on a trait, increases or decreases with age

Longitudinal or cross sectional

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21
Q

Rank order change

A

When ordering of individuals on a trait changes with age

Only use longitudinal 

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22
Q

Maturity principle

A

Adults are changing, mostly positively

23
Q

Retest correlation

A

Rank order changes, if it stays the same rank order stability will be 1. If correlation is less than one then there has been a change

24
Q

Cumulative continuity principle

A

Rank order stability increases with age

25
Q

Volitional personality change

A

Many want to do something about parts of our personality, seeking to invoke change

26
Q

Five assumptions

A

1) parts of the mind
2) levels of consciousness
3) mental conflict
4) mental energy
5) mental determinism 

27
Q

Three parts of mind

A

ID, EGO, superego

28
Q

Mental conflict

A

Id impulses, super ego demands, and reality often conflict with another.

29
Q

Mental energy

A

All mental processes require mental energy (libido) 

30
Q

Mental determinism

A

All behavior has specific causes in the mind. No accidental behavior.
Freudian slips = accidentally saying something but it is what you rly mean 

31
Q

Anxiety sources

A

Psychological anxiety: unmet demands and unresolved mental conflicts
Realistic anxiety: actual threats in real world

32
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Ego processes used to keep anxiety out of consciousness
Denial repression intellectualization sublimation

33
Q

Denial

A

Refusing to acknowledge or accept new threatening info

34
Q

Repression

A

Forcefully, blocking, and anxiety provoking, thought from consciousness

35
Q

Intellectualization

A

Thinking about a threatening impulses or situation in a detached analytical way

36
Q

Sublimation

A

Transforming unacceptable impulses into a constructive behavior

37
Q

Oral

A

Infant is all ID. Dependent. Focus on mouth and pleasure.

38
Q

Anal

A

Toddler develops ego. Tries to control potty impulses. Control and obedience.

39
Q

Phallic

A

Gender identification. Superego. Morality. Penis and vagina

40
Q

Latency

A

No major psych issue

41
Q

Genital

A

Maturity. Genitals. Creation and enhancement of life.

42
Q

Eriksons stages

A

1)Trust v mistrust
2)autonomy v shame and doubt
3)initiative v guilt
4) industry v inferiority
5)identity v confusion
6)intimacy v isolation
7) generativity v stagnation
8) integrity v despair

43
Q

Psychic determinism

A

Accidents not actually accidents

44
Q

Limitations of Freud

A

Motives based entirely on physiological drives.
We have other needs than sex and aggression.
Difficulty to quantify and falsify. 

45
Q

REP test

A

Constructs revealed by how are you discriminate among things. Looking for things relevant to you when you look at people

46
Q

Flow

A

Complete absorption in an activity for its own sake. 

47
Q

Self actualization

A

The process of improving towards one’s maximum potential 

48
Q

Conditions of worth (Rogers)

A

Do this well, why ppl like you. Encourage personal growth. Unconditional positive regard. 

49
Q

Maslow hierarchy of needs

A

Needing to focus on other more basic concerns.
Food, safety, belonging, esteem, self actualization. 

50
Q

Hedonia

A

Maximize pleasure, minimize pain

51
Q

Eudalmonia

A

Universal needs
1) autonomy
2) competence
3)relatedness

52
Q

Paths to happiness

A

Life of pleasure
Life of engagement
Life of meaning

53
Q

Hedonic adaptation

A

Ability to quickly adapt to changes

Personality Psych (2 decks)

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