Tranmission of HIV

Question 1

How is HIV transmitted?

Answer 1

transfer of infected body fluid….sex or blood (IV drug use)

Question 2

In 1985, what % of AIDS cases were in the heterosexual population?

Answer 2

<2

Question 3

By 2021, what % of heterosexual cases are occurring in women?

Answer 3

66

Question 4

What % of new infections are occurring in heterosexual people?

Answer 4

22

Question 5

name some of the key factors in transmission

Answer 5

Frequent change in sexual partners, having unprotected sex, not using condoms and spermicides, presence of STDs, lack of male cirumcision

Question 6

How effective is circumcision for male infections?

Answer 6

reduces male infections by 60% but does not reduce the rate of infection of women

Question 7

Outside of the US, what is the mose common mode of transmission of HIV?

Answer 7

heterosexual

Question 8

GLOBALLY,Heterosexual transmission accounts for about what % of HIV cases?

Answer 8

90%

Question 9

In Africa, heterosexual transmission accounts for what % of HIV infections?

Answer 9

<80

Question 10

Mother to child transmission in Africa accounts for what % range of cases?

Answer 10

5-15

Question 11

Highest risk of sexual route of transmission is what kind of sex?

Answer 11

Receptive anal

Question 12

For vaginal intercourse, is male to female higher or lower than female to male?

Answer 12

male to female is 17.5 fold higher due to higher viral load in sperm in comparison to vaginal fluids

Question 13

What factor in vaginal mucosa affects liklihood of transmission?

Answer 13

abrasions

Question 14

Uganda famously launched this type of campaign which successfully reduced HIV rate of infection from 30% in the 80s to less than 6% today

Answer 14

Partner reduction

Question 15

Describe the ABC approach that Uganda advocated for in regards to reducing HIV

Answer 15

Abstinence, Be faithful (monogamous), Condomize

Question 16

How successful was Uganda’s partner reduction campaign?

Answer 16

Casual sex frequency fell by 60%, increased sexual abstinence and delay in first sexual encounter by teenagers, but lately HIV infection rate has increased due to reverting to infidelity and lack of condom use

Question 17

Why is there an increase in young gay men acquiring HIV ?

Answer 17

As a society we have become complacent, and they have not seen their friends die from the disease

Question 18

Consistent condom use shows what % effectiveness for HIV prevention during anal sex?

Answer 18

70%

Question 19

How efficient is IV drug use compared to sexual transmission?

Answer 19

3x more

Question 20

What % of new HIV cases in the US are associated with IV drug use?

Answer 20

50

Question 21

Of the 11 million IV drug users worldwide, what % are HIV positive?

Answer 21

13%

Question 22

Where is IV drug use as HIV transmission a big problem?

Answer 22

Russia/eastern europe

Question 23

What percent of IV drug users in Russia have HIV?

Answer 23

50

Question 24

Where is sexual assault a contributing factor for transmission?

Answer 24

African and regions of war

Question 25

Why do STDs increase liklihood of infection?

Answer 25

STDs increase the number of CD4 cells in genital tissues

Question 26

What is the chance of transmission from mother to child without therapy?

Answer 26

30%

Question 27

What has reduced the risk of mother to child transmission to less than 1%

Answer 27

c section and ART

Question 28

What is the population risk of transmisson for IV drug injection with an infected needle?

Answer 28

1-2%

Question 29

what is the population risk of transmitting HIV with vaginal sexual intercourse?

Answer 29

0.1%

Question 30

What is the population risk of HIV transmission for receptive anal intercourse?

Answer 30

0.5-3%