Trans Immuno

Question 1

Define allogenic

Answer 1

Individuals of the same species that are genetically different

Question 2

Autograft

Answer 2

graft tissue from one site to another on the same patient

Question 3

Syngenic graft

Answer 3

graft between genetically identical patients

Question 4

Allogenic graft

Answer 4

Two genetically diff patients

Question 5

zenograft

Answer 5

graft between species…what the fuck

Question 6

Describe transplant rejection in its most basic form

Answer 6

When an organ is transplanted, the host’s T cells attack the transplant

Question 7

Describe GVHD in its most basic form

Answer 7

T cells in the transplant attack host tissues…bone marrow transplant

Question 8

Can alloreactions be fatal during blood transfusions?

Answer 8

Yes.

Question 9

What are the targets of alloreactivity during blood transfusions?

Answer 9

A,B,O antigens

Question 10

What type of antibodies does someone with Type O blood have?

Answer 10

Both anti-A and anti B

Question 11

What type of blood can someone with type Oblood be given?

Answer 11

Only type O blood

Question 12

Type A blood, what type of antibodies?

Answer 12

Anti-B

Question 13

Type A blood hosts can be given what type of blood?

Answer 13

O or A

Question 14

Type B, what type of antibodies?

Answer 14

Anti A

Question 15

Type B can be given?

Answer 15

O or B

Question 16

Type AB blood, what type of antibodies

Answer 16

NONE!!

Question 17

Type AB can be given?

Answer 17

Anything!

Question 18

What’s the deal with the + or -?

Answer 18

If you’re O+ for instance, you can receive O+ or O-. O- can only receive O-.

Question 19

Describe hyperacute rejection.

Answer 19

Occurs when the donors blood type does not match up with the recipients. Occurs within minutes. Antibodies bind to the endothelium of the transplanted organ, because it displays the same antigens that are present in the host blood. Complement and clotting screws you up.

Question 20

Acute rejection

Answer 20

CTLs against MHC complexes. Takes 1-15 days.

Question 21

Will the second allogenic graft be rejected more quickly than the first?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

What is the mechanism of acute rejection

Answer 22

The transplant comes in bearing APCs (dendritic cells) which are doing their normal thing and presenting self antigens. These dendritic cells migrate to the spleen and present to T cells that form effector T cell responses. These T cells migrate to the graft site and kill the graft.

Question 23

If the HLA haplotypes match, can their still be graft rejection?

Answer 23

Yep. This can occur due to minor histocompatability mismatched in some cases. Takes 30-60 days.

Question 24

What are the most important HLA loci to match?

Answer 24

A,B,D

Question 25

Liver transplants require what?

Answer 25

Only blood matching

Question 26

Corneal require what?

Answer 26

Nothing

Question 27

What role might the placenta play in keeping a pregnancy from being recognized as an allograft?

Answer 27

Most likelyserves to block mom's T cells. The placenta itself is fetal tissue but this is not a problem because it has no MHC molecules.

Question 28

What are Rh Antigens?

Answer 28

Protein antigens on RBCs

Question 29

Why are they important?

Answer 29

During pregnancy, fetal blood and mothers blood come into contact. If the mom is Rh negative and the child is Rh pos, she will developm Rh antibodies. If she is not vaccinated with Rhogan, anti Rh-antibody after the pregnancy, she could kill her next child if it is also Rh positive.

Question 30

When should Rhogam be administered?

Answer 30

When a child has compatible blood group antigens to the mother.

Question 31

What is GVHD

Answer 31

Attach of host tissue by T cells from donor

Question 32

What are the most affected tissues?

Answer 32

Skin, intestines, liver

Question 33

What 3 types of compounds are used most frequently as immunosuppresants during transplant?

Answer 33

Corticosteroids, Cytotoxic drugs, Microbial products

Question 34

What do corticosteroids do?

Answer 34

Inhibit NFkB which is used during cytokine expression. Therefore you have no T cell proliferation

Question 35

Name 3 cytotoxic drugs

Answer 35

Azathioprine Cyclophosphamide Methotrexatee

Question 36

When do you use azathrioprine?

Answer 36

Following solid organ transplant

Question 37

When is methotrexate used?

Answer 37

Drug of choice for inhibiting GVHD

Question 38

What do microbial products do?

Answer 38

Inhibit T cell activation

Question 39

What do cytotoxic drugs do?

Answer 39

inhibit DNA replication

Question 40

Cyclosporin A?

Answer 40

Interferes with IL-2. No T cell prolif

Question 41

Tacrolimus

Answer 41

No T cell prolif

Question 42

Rapamycin;

Answer 42

No T cell prolif