Transciption

Question 1

Where in eukaryotic cells is DNA found

Answer 1

In the nucleus

Question 2

Where in the cell does transcription take place

Answer 2

In the nucleous

Question 3

What cells undergo transcription

Answer 3

Eukaryotic
Animal 
Plant 
Fungi 
Protista

Question 4

What polymer is synthesized during transcription

Answer 4

Pre mRNA

Question 5

What monomers are used to construct this polymer and where are they found

Answer 5

Fee RNA nucleotides found within the nucleus or necleoplams

Question 6

What enzyme is required for transcription

Answer 6

RNA polymerase

Question 7

What is the pair pair for a DNA strand matching a rna strand

Answer 7

DNA- c-g a-t

RNA t-a a-u

Question 8

Compare the abuse pair rule with that of 2 DNA strands

Answer 8

DNA does not contain uracil so T matches with A in DNA but a DNA/ rna match T bonds with A and A bonds with U

Question 9

Which strand of the DNA contains the blueprint for the pre-mRNA

Answer 9

The template strand

Question 10

In which direction is the DNA molecule read

Answer 10

3’ to 5’

Question 11

The DNA strand and pre mRNA strand are

Answer 11

anti-parallel

Question 12

in which direction is the pre- mRNA molecule constructed

Answer 12

5’ to 3’

Question 13

Before printing presses were available books had to be transcribed in order to share information in them. Consider the definition of transcription and explain why the process in model 1 is described using that word

Answer 13

transcribe is to make an exact copy. transcription is making a copy of the information in DNA as RNA

Question 14

What parts make up the transcription initiation complex

Answer 14

RNA polymerase and transcription factors

Question 15

Where on the DNA strand does the transcription initiation complex form

Answer 15

prometer

Question 16

Nearly all cells in an organism contain identical DNA and Each DNA strand may contain hundreds or thousands of individual genes. Is it likely that a cell would transcribe all the genes within its nucleus simultaneously

Answer 16

no, cells only transcribe genes as they are needed to make specific proteins

Question 17

considering many types of cells in a multicellular organism, and their different functions, is it likely that all cells transcribe all their genes at some point in their life time

Answer 17

No, certain genes will be switched on in specific cells and switched off in others depending on the location and function of the cell

Question 18

What has been removed from the pre- mRNA to make it into mRNA

Answer 18

Introns

Question 19

What has been added to the mRNA that was not present in the pre-mRNA and where on the mRNA strand are the additional items located

Answer 19

a methyl cap to the 5’ end

a poly-A tail to the 3’ end

Question 20

identify the structure through which the mRNA leaves the nuclous

Answer 20

the nuclear pore

Question 21

the nucleotides on the mRNA will read in the next step to producing a polypeptide. what sequence of bases indicated the starting point for the polypeptide bleuprint

Answer 21

AUG

Question 22

the ‘m’ in mRNA is short for messenger. why is this molecule called messenger RNA

Answer 22

m RNA molecule carries the code for the polypeptide from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (or ribosome). so its like a messenger

Question 23

the human genome contains about 25,000 genes and yet produces about 100,000 different polypeptides. how is this possible

Answer 23

a single sequence of pre-mRNA can produce different mRNA sequences depending on what introns are removed

Question 24

what is the advantage of the poly-A tail added to the 3’ end of the mRNA

Answer 24

it prevents the information- carrying part of the mRNA from being destroyed by the exonucleases before the polypeptide can be formed

Question 25

why are some poly-A tails longer than others

Answer 25

an mRNA with a short tail will have a shorter lifespan. proteins are needed over long periods of time might come from lone tail in mRNA whereas proteins only needed briefly may come from short tails

Question 26

summarize the steps of trasnciption

Answer 26

pre-mRNA is made from the template strand of DNA starting at the prometer by transcription initiation complex (RNA polymerase and transcription factors). When the RNA polymerase reaches the terminator, the pre-mRNA is released. Introns are removed and the methyl cap and ploy-A tail are added to make mRNA

Question 27

what type of biological molecule is an exonuclease

Answer 27

enzyme (protein)

Question 28

free nucleotides must be available in a cells nucleus to produce mRNA strands. Where do these free nucleotides come from

Answer 28

the cytoplasm where older mRNA have been hydrolyzed by exonucleases

Question 29

how might biologists use transcription mechanisms to support the theory of evolution

Answer 29

They could use the fact that all species use the same nucleotides in their DNA and mRNA. all species use prometer region to initiate transcription. All species use similar RNA polymerase enzyme. SLight variations in the mechanisms could help connect species in an evolutionary phylogenic tree or cladogram

Question 30

purpose

Answer 30

produces an RNA copy of a gene. To make proteins for our body to keep going.

Question 31

definition

Answer 31

The use of a gene sequence to make a copy of RNA

Question 32

products

Answer 32

mRNA to make proteins (transfer, ribosomle, filler

Question 33

product processing

Answer 33

5' to 3' antiparallel 5' compliment is 3'

Question 34

base pairings

Answer 34

A-U C-G

Question 35

codons

Answer 35

every 3 base pairs is a codon | A-U

Question 36

end result

Answer 36

RNA

Question 37

main enzyme

Answer 37

RNA polymerase

Question 38

location

Answer 38

nucleus

Question 39

when the RNA polymerase reaches the ___sequence of the base pairs on the DNA template strand, it completes the production of pre-mRNA and releases it into the nucleoplasm

Answer 39

terminator

Question 40

The portions of the pre-mRNA that remain are called

Answer 40

exons

Question 41

Once the cytoplasm the mRNA will be subject to __ exonucleases that immediately start removing individual nucleotides from the 3' end of a nucleic acid

Answer 41

exonucleases