Transcribing and epistemology

Question 1

the systematic representation of language in written form that represents an interview/focus group =

Answer 1

transcription

Question 2

word for word verbatim, focuses on ‘what’ words were spoken = what type of transcription?

Answer 2

orthographic

Question 3

words as well as non verbal features = what type of transcription?

Answer 3

non-orthographic

Question 4

what are the 2 types of non-orthographic transcription?

Answer 4

paralinguistic and extralinguistic

Question 5

what features are included in paralinguistic non-orthographic transcription?

Answer 5

pauses, tone of voice, laughter, volume

Question 6

what features are included in extralinguistic non-orthographic transcription?

Answer 6

body language, gestures, facial expressions, gaze

Question 7

what is the aim of non-orthographic transcription?

Answer 7

focuses on ‘how’ words are spoken and how other people reacted to what was said

Question 8

what are the 2 types of transcription systems?

Answer 8

playscript and jeffersonian

Question 9

play script is an _______ transcription system

Answer 9

orthographic

Question 10

verbatim record of exactly what is said but not how, includes repetitions/pauses/false starts/errors in speech =

Answer 10

playscript

Question 11

what type of analysis is play script generally used for?

Answer 11

analysis of the meaning of talk, thematic or phenomenological analysis

Question 12

captures exactly what was said and how it was said =

Answer 12

jeffersonian

Question 13

jeffersonian transcript reflects the interview as a ______ ________

Answer 13

social interaction (captures its complexity)

Question 14

how is a jeffersonian transcript transcribed?

Answer 14

according to a set of symbols representing the non-linguistic features of a conversation

Question 15

jeffersonian captures both __________ and ________ features such as body language, gestures, tone etc

Answer 15

paralinguistic, extralinguistic

Question 16

what type of analysis is jeffersonian used for?

Answer 16

conversation analysis

Question 17

what do each of these jeffersonian notations mean?

(.) (0.2) [ > < < > °word°

Answer 17

(.) = micro pause, (0.2)=timed pause, [ = overlapping speech, >< = speech speeds up, <> = speech slows down, °word° = noticeably quieter talk

Question 18

what do non verbal cues add to our understanding of ppt s experiences?

Answer 18

whether it is + or - experience, more honest responses, more rich data about feelings, adds context

Question 19

does it exist =

Answer 19

ontology

Question 20

how do we know it exists =

Answer 20

epistemology

Question 21

what research design is best?

Answer 21

methodology

Question 22

what are the different approaches to ontology?

Answer 22

realism, critical realism, relativism

Question 23

what are the different approaches to epistemology?

Answer 23

positivism, post-positivism, critical realism, social constructionism

Question 24

mixed methods of merged quantitative and qualitative =

Answer 24

critical realism

Question 25

there is one reality and we can uncover the nature of this reality through observation

Answer 25

positivism/realism

Question 26

there is not one reality. reality is relative to the historical, cultural and social context

Answer 26

relativism

Question 27

high in positivism/realism, objective knowledge, quantitative data, universal laws, pre-existing truth = what approach?

Answer 27

positivist approach

Question 28

some subjectivity, conducted in a social context, research can produce knowledge that is more accurate = what approach?

Answer 28

post positivist / critical realism approach

Question 29

high in relativism, range of valid views about the world, understanding the complexity of people and meanings, qualitative data = what approach?

Answer 29

social constructionist approach

Question 30

what is critical realism?

Answer 30

perception of reality within and outside of us, perception of the world is different to our sense of self, but complex interaction between the two, everyone experiences a different reality based on their own experiences but share same biological mechanisms that drive perception

Question 31

whats a limitation of playscripts?

Answer 31

may miss key aspects of the nature of the interaction

Question 32

is play script or jefferson more systematic?

Answer 32

jefferson

Question 33

what are limitations of jeffersonian?

Answer 33

hard to learn, time consuming, may be less widely applicable than orthographic transcription