Transcription

Question 1

Housekeeping gene expression

Answer 1

Gene is expressed in all tissues

Question 2

Transcription

Answer 2

Gene expression

Question 3

Promoter gene sequences

Answer 3

Control gene expression and act as the recognition site for RNA Pol

Question 4

Coding gene sequences

Answer 4

Transcribed into mRNA

Question 5

Genes

Answer 5

Made up of nucleotides and regulatory sequences

Question 6

RNA polymerase

Answer 6

Copies DNA sequence from template strand to make RNA

Question 7

Prokaryotic RNA polymerase

Answer 7

Has only 1 type and consists of 5 subunits

Question 8

Sigma subunit

Answer 8

Recognizes promoter and dissociates after initiation

Question 9

initiation complex

Answer 9

Made up of 10 nucleotides, its rate of formation affects the rate of transcription and it forms upon the recognition of the sigma factor

Question 10

Beta prime subunit

Answer 10

Catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond

Question 11

Beta subunit

Answer 11

Binds DNA to the forming RNA

Question 12

Elongation

Answer 12

Synthesizes the RNA transcript

Question 13

Termination

Answer 13

Done by a palindromic sequence or a rho factor

Question 14

Palindromic sequences

Answer 14

Gc rich region that folds to form a hairpin loop

Question 15

Rho factor

Answer 15

Protein that binds to the RNA and moves along it to catch up to the polymerase to destabilize the hybrid

Question 16

Eukaryotic RNA polymerase ll

Answer 16

Found in the nucleoplasm and transcribes mRNA

Question 17

Eukaryotic RNA polymerase lll

Answer 17

Found in the nucleoplasm and transcribes tRNA

Question 18

Rate of eukaryotic transcription

Answer 18

Regulated by the binding of transcription factors to specific promoter sequences

Question 19

Gc box

Answer 19

Found in house keeping genes

Question 20

Tata box

Answer 20

Found in tissue specific genes and it is used for specifying the start site of transcription

Question 21

Ccaat box

Answer 21

Important for transcriptional initiation

Question 22

Enhancer elements

Answer 22

DNA sequences that act as transcription activators required for full activity of the promoter

Question 23

Types of transcription factors

Answer 23

Basic, promoter-specific, coactivators

Question 24

RNA processing steps

Answer 24

mRNA capping, addition of poly A tail, RNA splicing

Question 25

mRNA capping

Answer 25

Addition of a 7-methylguanosine to the 5’ nucleotide via a 5’-5’ triphosphate bridge by guanylyltransferase

Question 26

Addition of poly A tail

Answer 26

Polyadenylate pol complex cleaves RNA and poly A pol adds an A tail at the 3' end, this results in homogenous fragments of RNA

Question 27

RNA splicing

Answer 27

The removal of introns

Question 28

Spliceosome

Answer 28

Set of proteins and RNA where splicing happens

Question 29

Eukaryotic RNA pol l

Answer 29

Found in the nucleolus and transcribes rRNA