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Genetic Molecular Biology > Transcription and Translation > Flashcards

Transcription and Translation Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

rRNA

A

makes up ribosome EP

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2
Q

mRNA

A

involved in transcription EP

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3
Q

tRNA

A

carries anticodon and amino acids EP

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4
Q

snRNA

A

processes pre-mRNA E

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5
Q

snoRNA

A

processing and assembling rRNA E

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6
Q

miRNA

A

inhibits translation of mRNA E

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7
Q

siRNA

A

sets off degradation of RNA molecules E

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8
Q

piRNA

A

suppress transcription of transposable elements in reproductive cells E

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9
Q

CRISPR RNA (crRNA)

A

destruction of foreign DNA P

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10
Q

lncRNA

A

regulates epigenetic function E

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11
Q

what confirmed DNA is main template of transcription

A

electron microscopy

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12
Q

ribonucleoside triphosphate (rNTP)

A

building block of RNA
RNA+RNTP=RNA+PPi

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13
Q

Bacterial RNAP

A

two alpha
one beta
one beta prime
one omega

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14
Q

sigma factor

A

controls where promoter binds EP

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15
Q

holoenzyme

A

RNA pol with sigma factor

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16
Q

RNAP 1

A

transcribes large rRNA E

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17
Q

RNAP 2

A

premRNA, snRNA, snoRNA and miRNA E

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18
Q

RNAP 3

A

tRNA, siRNA, snRNA, miRNA E

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19
Q

RNAP 4

A

in plants, siRNA

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20
Q

RNAP 5

A

in plants, heterochromatin formation

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21
Q

Bacterial transcription (initiation)

A

-10 TATAAT and -35 TTGACA
RNAP and sigma factor recognizes sequences

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22
Q

Bacterial transcription (elongation)

A

RNAP unwinds DNA and adds ribonucleotides at 3’
RNAP breaks off and continues adding…

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23
Q

transcriptional pausing

A

come from secondary structures or presence of nucleosomes in E

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24
Q

who proof reads in transcription

A

RNAP

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25
bacterial transcription (termination)
RHO dependent RHO independent: hairpin structure
26
tRNA structure
ribothymine pseudouridine
27
tRNA addition cite
CCA to the 3'
28
bacterial rRNA
70s (50s large, 30s small)
29
eukaryotic rRNA
80s (60s large, 40s small)
30
when is rRNA processed
after transcription
31
RNA interferences (RNAi)
kills foreign viruses and transposons
32
siRNA miRNA
help turn premRNA to mRNA
33
Beadle and Tatun
developed method for isolating auxotrophic mutants in neurospora
34
homopolymers
polymer made from many copies of a single repeating unit
35
poly (u)
directs incorporation of phenylalanine
36
poly(a)
incorporation of lysine
37
poly (c)
incorporation of proline
38
poly (g)
did not yield interpretable results
39
random copolymers
yielded info about the base composition of the codons, not exact sequence
40
ribosome bound tRNA in experiment
provide additional info about genetic code
41
nonstandard base pairing
wobble position
42
wobble hypothesis (Francis Crick)
third position wobble allows for the anticodon of tRNA to pair with more than one codon
43
mRNA reading frame
from initiation to termination
44
fMET
tRNAimet delevers to ribosome insures correct reading frame E(met) P(formy)
45
termination codons
UAA UAG UGA EP
46
start codons
AUG CUG E GUG UUG P
47
eukaryotic translation (intiation)
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetic 5'cap binding site assembly (mRNA, large and small ribosome, aminoacyl-tRNA, initiation factors, and GTP) kozak sequence
48
bacterial translation (initiation)
shine dalgarno (attachment of small and large ribosome)
49
eukaryotic translation (elongation)
70S aminoacyltRNAs elongation factors and GTP
50
eukaryotic translation (termination)
UAA, UAG, UGA release factors 1,2,3
51
polyribosome
multiple translation sites on one mRRNA
52
messenger RNA surveillance
detect and correct mRNA errors
53
stalled ribosome
tmRNA fixes P 3' cleave with nonstop RNA decay E
54
no go decay (NGD)
fix stalled ribosome
55
tetracycline
blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA
56
streptomycin
prevents the transition from initiation complex to chain elongation
57
chloramphenicol
blacks the peptide transferase reaction on ribosome
58
cycloheximide
blocks the translocation reaction on ribosomes
59
rifamycin
blocks initiation of transcription by binding to RNA pol
60
positive regulation
stimulate gene expression
61
negative regulation
inhibits gene expression
62
DNA binding motifs
helix turn helix EP zinc finger E steroid receptor E leucine zipper E helix loop helix E homeodomain E
63
operons
series of structural genes, a promoter, and an operator
64
inducible operon
off to on
65
repressible
on to off
66
neg inducible operon
binding molecule is inhibitory usually off and need on
67
neg inducible operon
repressor off to on
68
negative repressible operon
repressor on to off
69
positive control
activator (lac operon)
70
lac operon (no lactose)
repressor is active little translation no beta-galactosidase, lactose permeate, thiogalactoside
71
lac operon (lactose present)
Allolactose binds to regulator and enables it active translation
72
positive control and catabolite repression
glucose is up camp is down vice versa camp means more translation
73
trp operon E.Coli
convert chorismate to tryptophan trpE trpD trpC trpB trpA
74
riboswitches
influence secondary structure in mRNA effect transcription
75
ribozymes
induce cleavage and degradation of mRNA
76
DNase 1 hypersensistivity
chromatin configuration cite is more open (1000 bp) (gene regulation)
77
chromatin remodeling
reposition nucleosomes (gene regulation)
78
histone mods
methylation decrease gene expression acetylation increase in gene expression
79
chromatin immonuoprecitation
DNA binding site identification (gene regulation)
80
transcriptional activators and coactivators
help basal apparatus regulate galactose
81
enhancers and insulators
enhancers distance away from promoter insulator insulates the effect of enhancer
82
coordinate gene reg
gene groups activated by same stimulus
83
stalling and elongation
heat shock proteins
84
response elements
upstream of start respond to environmental stimulus
85
RNA splicing
gene regualtion
86
RISC
leads to degradation of mRNA
87
RITS
altering chromatin structure
88
translation or protein mods
5' UTR

Genetic Molecular Biology (1 decks)

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