Transcription and Translation Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is the central dogma of biology?
DNA to mRNA to proteins.
What is transcription?
RNA copying DNA to translate.
What is translation?
RNA becomes a coded template to make proteins.
Where are proteins made?
In a ribosome.
How is RNA the same as DNA?
Both have nucleotides that code for proteins.
How is RNA different from DNA?
The T in RNA is replaced by Uracil (U). It is single stranded.
What is a coding/non-template strand?
A strand of DNA that is NOT used to transcribe RNA. RNA will match it (except T’s will be U’s) because RNA copied the TEMPLATE strand which is the non-template strands pair.
What is the function of RNA polymerase I?
It makes several kinds of rRNA.
Explain m-RNA processing.
Happens in nucleus; pre m-RNA coated in stabalizing proteins; 5’ cap; 3’ Poly-tail added; Pre-mRNA splicing (exons kept in, introns cut out).
What is an exon?
An expressed gene sequence.
What is an intron?
A non-expressed/non-protein coding sequence.
What is the function of RNA polymerase III?
Transcribes a bunch of structural RNA’s, like tRNA.
What is the function of RNA polymerase II?
Synthesizes all protein coding nuclear pre-mRNA/s. Transcribes the majority of eukaryotic genes.
