Transcription And Translation

Question 1

DNA replication

Answer 1

enzyme - DNA polymerase 
active substrates - dNTPs
template - DNA 
3-stage process: initiation, elongation, termination 
5'to3' chain growth
termination when replication forks meet

Question 2

Transcription

making mRNA

Answer 2

enzyme - RNA polymerase 
activated substrates NTPs
template DNA 
3-stage process: initiation, elongation, termination 
5'to3' chain growth 
termination - sequence dependent

Question 3

Translation

making a polypeptide

Answer 3

enzyme - ribosome
activated substrate - amino acids
template - mRNA
3-stage process - initiation, elongation, termination

Question 4

Transcription Initiation

Answer 4

The way the transcription factor binds to the protein determines the direction the DNA is transcribed - must be in the 5’to3’ direction
RNA polymerase is recruited by the transcription factor
-30 (upstream) for eukaryotes

Question 5

Transcription Elongation

Answer 5

DNA sequence on coding strand is identical (except to U) to the mRNA made from the DNA template strand
transcription end product = translation template
UTR - untranslated regions - gives stability

Question 6

RNA processing

from pre-mRNA to mature mRNA

Answer 6

CAPPING
- 5’cap - 5’-5’ linkage of an extra nucleotide - phosphates
TAILING or POLYADENYLATION
- 3’end - sequence dependent recognised by an endonuclease
SPLICING
- removes introns
- sequence dependent

Question 7

Gene

Answer 7

The genetic code plus the regulation