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CMB2001 > Transcription Initiation in Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Transcription Initiation in Eukaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the other name for RNA polymerase

A

Holenzyme

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2
Q

After initiation what happens to the closed complex

A

Forms a open complex which goes on to be elongated

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3
Q

what are promoters

A

cis acting DNA regulatory element through which transcription is initiated and controlled

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4
Q

At what position are the consensus sequences

A

-35 to -10

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5
Q

what are the four core (basal) promoter elements

A

TATA box, Initiator (Inr), DPE and BRE

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6
Q

at what position is the TATA box located

A

-31 to -26

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7
Q

at what position is the Initiator (Inr) located

A

-2 to +4

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8
Q

what % of protein coding genes in mammals lack an obvious TATA & Inr

A

60-70%

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9
Q

how does transcription initiation occur

A

at a lower rate
at several start sites

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10
Q

start sites are associated with regions with a high frequency of -

A

CG sequences - CpG islands

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11
Q

most C residues are followed by G are

A

methylated

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12
Q

generally C residues in CpG islands -

A

escaped methylation (hypomethylated)

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13
Q

What is the effect of methylation of CpG islands

A

silencing

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14
Q

UAS & enhancers =

A

activator binding sites

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15
Q

URS & silencer =

A

repressor binding sites

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16
Q

how does sequence comparison identify promoter elements

A

identification of the TATA box

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17
Q

examples of reporter genes are

A

GFP, luciferase, LacZ (B-glactosidase)

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18
Q

what are the target genes and location

A

mRNA and Nucleus

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19
Q

what is the structure of bacterial RNA polymerase

A

ß subunit
ß’ subunit
α subunit (x2)
ω subunit

20
Q

how many subunits are in yeast RNA polymerase II

A

12

21
Q

what are general transcription factors (GTF’s)

A

In eukaryotes, there are sigma factors which are RNA pol specific.

22
Q

where does GTF form a complex, and what does it do

A

on TATA box, recruits RNA pol II to the promoter and direct initiation at start site

23
Q

how many GTFs and name them

A

6 - TFIIA,B,D,E,F,H

24
Q

the helicase activity of which TFII seperates the template strand at the start site

A

TFIIH

25
Q

what does the helicase activity of TFIIH require?

A

requires ATP hydrolysis

26
Q

Pol II beginning transcribing is called

A

promoter clearance

27
Q

what occurs to C-terminal domain during promoter clearance

A

extensively phosphorylated

28
Q

what is the C-terminal domain

A

series of repeats located at the C-terminal end of the largest (B’ homologous subunit of pol II

29
Q

Which two TFII s stay behind on the TATA box

A

TFIID, TFIIA

30
Q

which TFII are released

A

TFIIB, TFIIE, and TFIIH

31
Q

which TFII moves with Pol II

A

TFIIF

32
Q

what are the property of TFIID

A

binds to TATA box and recruits TFIIB

33
Q

what are the properties of TFIIA

A

stabilises TFIID binding
Anti-repression function

34
Q

what are the properties of TFIIB

A
  • recruits RNA pol II-TFIIF
  • Important for start site selection
35
Q

what are the properties of TFIIF

A
  • stimulates elongation
  • destabilises non -specific RNA pol II-DNA interactions
36
Q

what are the properties of TFIIE

A

recruits TFIIH and modulates TFIIH activity

37
Q

what are the properties of TFIIH

A
  • promoter melting and clearance
  • CTD kinase activity
  • DNA repair coupling
38
Q

How many subunits are TFIIH made from

A

9-10 subunits

39
Q

what are the two modules that TFIIH can be divided into

A

CORE and CAK

40
Q

what phosphorylates the CTD of RNAP II

A

a kinases contained into the CAK module

41
Q

what is XPB (found in TFIIH) and what does it do

A
  • ATPase which aids promoter melting
42
Q

what two parts make up TFIID

A

TATA binding protein (TBP) which is attached to TAF1. There are Multiple TAFs (TBP associated factors)

43
Q

what shape is the TBP

A

curve - molecular saddle

44
Q

what are the differences between TBP vs TFIID

A
  • TBP can direct the assembly of teh PIC on a TATA-containing promoter
  • however TBP alone cant direct PIC assembly on a TATA-less promoter
45
Q

TBP can not support _ transcription

A

activated

46
Q

what do TAFs do

A

-Promote the interaction of TFIID with the basal promoter
- interact with activators

CMB2001 (11 decks)

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