Transcription & Translation

Question 1

What is transcription?

Answer 1

The use of DNA to make RNA

Transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell.

Question 2

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 2

In the nucleus of the cell

This is where DNA is converted to RNA.

Question 3

What is a key difference between RNA and DNA regarding their bases?

Answer 3

RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)

This is an important distinction in nucleic acid structure.

Question 4

What is translation?

Answer 4

The use of RNA to make proteins

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Question 5

Where does translation occur?

Answer 5

In the cytoplasm of the cell

This process synthesizes proteins from RNA.

Question 6

How many types of RNA are required for translation?

Answer 6

Three types of RNA

These are mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

Question 7

What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Answer 7

Copy of DNA’s message to code proteins; contains codons

Codons are three base sequences that specify amino acids.

Question 8

What does transfer RNA (tRNA) do?

Answer 8

Carries amino acids to the ribosomes; contains anti-codons

Anti-codons pair with mRNA codons during translation.

Question 9

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Answer 9

Makes up the structure of ribosome

rRNA is essential for protein synthesis.

Question 10

What happens when an anti-codon on tRNA pairs with an mRNA codon?

Answer 10

Brings proper amino acid into the ribosome

This is a critical step in assembling proteins.

Question 11

What occurs to amino acids during translation?

Answer 11

Amino acids are connected until a stop codon is reached

This process continues until the protein synthesis is complete.