transcriptional regulation Flashcards
(26 cards)
what do contemporary techniques rely on?
dNTPs which emit light (when exited) upon incorporation into DNA.
contemporary techniques can be scaled up to sequence a __________ bases
whole human genome of 3 x 10^10
in massive parallel sequencing, all DNA clusters are sequenced in _____
parallel
in RNA sequencing, RNA is ____ from a sample and converted to ____ by the use of a ______.
isolated, DNA, specific primer
chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a ______ technique that detects the _____ of a specific ________ to a specific _________. is this in vivo or in vitro?
multi-step, binding, protein, DNA element.
In vivo
gel-mobility shift is a _____ technique that detects the _____ of a specific _____ to a specific _______. Is this in vivo or in vitro?
simple, binding, protein, DNA element.
in vitro
in the pre initiation complex the helices activity of _____ locally “___” DNA at the ______ site
TFIIH, melts, initiation
what is Ssl2?
component of the TFIIH that opens initiation transcription
what have mutations in subunits of TFIIH been identified as?
cause of a specific skin cancer: Xeroderma pigmenostum
what does the mutation of TFIIH inhibit?
DNA repair caused by such things as exposure to light
HIV has a mechanism to suppress _____ activity by a virally encoded protein called ____. this _____ RNA polymerase II at its ______. Upon ______, TAT _______ CDK9/CycT and the polymerase ________ the virus.
CDK9/CycT, TAT. pauses, promoter. stress, releases, transcribes.
NELF and DSIF cause the ____ of the polymerase _____ initiation. further _____ of CTD by CDK9/CycT _______ the polymerase: _______ begins
pausing, after. phosphorylation, release. elongation.
how is expression of eukaryotic protein coding genes regulated?
through protein binding transcription control regions at various distances from the transcription start site
what do promoters direct, determine and influence?
-direct the binding of RNA pol II to DNA
-determine the site of transcription initiation
- influence the frequency of transcription initiation
true or false. promoter-proximal elements and enhancers are cell type non-specific.
false
cell type specific
do promoters function within a short or long distance? what distance exactly?
short distance
several hundred bps from transcription initiation site
do enhancers function within a short or long distance? what distance exactly?
long distance
over tens of kbps from transcription initiation site
are promoters upstream or downstream from the initiation site? or within introns?
upstream of the initiation site
are enhancers upstream or downstream from the initiation site? or within introns?
can be upstream
downstream from the start or within introns
are promoters position dependent or position independent? if moved are they non-functional or functional?
dependent
non-functional
are enhancers position dependent or position independent? if moved are they non-functional or functional?
independent
functional
are promoters orientation dependent or orientation independent? uni or bi directional
orientation dependent
drive transcription in only one direction
are enhancers orientation dependent or orientation independent? uni or bi directional
orientation independent
function in either normal or the inverted orientation
how do enhancers communicate with promoters?
via bending DNA
