transdermal delivery

Question 1

advantages of transdermal delivery

Answer 1

LEERCC
local delivery 
efficacy 
ease 
rapid action 
control
compliance

Question 2

disadvantages of creams gels and patches

Answer 2

limited by stratum corneum

Question 3

penetration routes of transdermal delivery

Answer 3

across SC
through sweat ducts
via hair follicles and sebaceous glands

Question 4

describe iontophoresis

Answer 4

powered penetration enhancement

Question 5

what path does iontophoresis work though and why

Answer 5

sweat ducts and hair follicles because they offer less electrical resistance

Question 6

describe the stratum corneum structure

Answer 6

dead corneocytes, lipid matrix with keratinocytes and lipid lamellae, water

Question 7

whats the role of water in the stratum corneum

Answer 7

plasticiser prevents cracking

Question 8

for intracellular absorbtion a drug needs to be

Answer 8

lipid soluble

Question 9

for transcellular absorbtion a drug can be more

Answer 9

hydrophilic but still needs to cross the lipid lamellae

Question 10

ideal log P for transdermal patches

Answer 10

1-3

Question 11

ideal melting point for TD patches

Answer 11

less than 200 degrees

Question 12

ideal molecular weight and why

Answer 12

low to increase diffusion

Question 13

why might a prodrug and ion pairs be advantageous to a TD patch

Answer 13

prodrug less charged centres and increase in lipophilic groups
ion pairs decreases charges

Question 14

disadvantage of supersaturation

Answer 14

unstable

Question 15

moa of penetration enhancers

Answer 15

disrupts intercellular lipid lamellae and increases partitioning of drug with co solvents

Question 16

how does hydration enhance penetration

Answer 16

hydrates sc and it swells

it also prevents water loss by occlusion and donates water

Question 17

how do liposomes enhance penetration

Answer 17

hydrate and alter the lipid layer, deformable liposomes penetrate the SC

Question 18

what release do SLNs produce

Answer 18

rapid

Question 19

what release does NLCs produce

Answer 19

sustained

Question 20

what do SLNs and NLCs have in common

Answer 20

surfactants on surface

Question 21

how do needle free injections deliver the drug

Answer 21

spring or high gas pressure

Question 22

advantages and disadvantages of needle free injections

Answer 22

A no pain or inflammation

D can damage cells

Question 23

advantages of micro needle patches

Answer 23

can deliver small molecules, increase skin permeability, can be extended release

Question 24

how do iontophoresis patches work

Answer 24

via electrostatic flow

Question 25

how do electroporation patches work

Answer 25

via electric pulses which disrupts the cel mem

Question 26

how do phonophoresis patches work

Answer 26

ultrasound pressure, oscillation form holes In skin

Question 27

which powered patch has no side effects

Answer 27

phonophoresis