Transfer of energy in an ecosystem Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Define heterotrophs

A

Organisms that ingest material from other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define primary consumers

A

Herbivores - eat plant material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define secondary consumers

A

Carnivores - feed on consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define tertiary consumers

A

Feed on carnivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define trophic levels

A

Position a species occupies in a food chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define detrivores

A

Primary consumers that feed on dead organic material called detritus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define decomposers

A

Species of bacteria and fungi that feed on dead remains and faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define limiting factors

A

When a process is affected by more than one factor its rate is limited by the factor furthest from its optimum value
in UK main one is CO2 conc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define GPP

A

Rate at which energy is incorporated into organic molecules

Total energy transferred from light energy to glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define NPP

A

Rate at which energy is transferred into organic molecules to make biomass
Total energy left to make new biomass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Whats the equation linking NPP and GPP

A

NPP=GPP-R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the formula for the percentage efficiency of photosynthesis

A

GPP divided by amount of light energy striking plant x100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to respiration rate?

A

Doesn’t vary in plants as its fixed rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe efficency

A

5% reflected
40% absorbed by chlorophyll
50% not absorbed but evaporated
5% transmitted through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe producers to primary consumers

A

2-10% goes to make biomass - not efficient
Not all available food gets eaten due to feeding limitations
Undigested food remains in faeces - cellulose -no enzymes to break it down
Food is used in respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe primary to secondary consumers

A

Over 10% of energy in herbivores ends up in new biomass

Most of a herbivore is eaten by carnivore

17
Q

Why aren’t there more than four or five trophic levels?

A

Energy entering a trophic level is transferred to surroundings in respiration, transferred to next trophic level or to decomposers
So there’s no more than four or five levels as energy is insufficient to support

18
Q

What is the thylakoid membrane (CHLOROPLAST STRUCTURE)

A

Interconnected flattened fluid-filled sacs

Proteins, chlorophyll, electron carriers here

19
Q

What is the thylakoid space (CHLOROPLAST STRUCTURE)

A

Fluid in thylakoid membrane sacs with enzymes for photokysis

20
Q

What is the stroma (CHLOROPLAST STRUCTURE)

A

Fluid surrounding thylakoid membrane - enzymes for light independent reaction

21
Q

What is the granum (CHLOROPLAST STRUCTURE)

A

Stack of thylakoids joined to one another

22
Q

What is the inner membrane of the chloroplast?

A

Transported molecules (membrane proteins which regulate the passage of substances in and out of the cell)

23
Q

What is the outer membrane of the chloroplast?

A

Permeable to molecules ie H2O and CO2

24
Q

Describe the light dependent reaction

A

Light energy is absorbed by PSII and excites electrons
Electrons enter the ETC and move along electron carries in a series of REDOX reactions losing energy in the process
This energy is used to synthesis ATP (photophosphorylation)
Electrons from PSII replace those lost from PSI
Water is split by photolysis and the electron replaces the one lost from PSII
Electron from ATV combine with H+ ions from water and NADP producing reduced NADP

25
Q

What is the role of ATP?

A

ATPase catalyses the breakdown of ATP to ADP and Pi

26
Q

Describe the light independent reaction

A

CO2 combines with RuBP catalysed by Rubisco
6C compound is unstable so breaks into 2 GP molecules
GP reduced to form GALP - H is from the oxidation of red NADP and ATP provides energy by breaking down
2/12 GALPs form glucose
10/12 GALPS recreate RuBP which is phosphorylated using ATP