Transformations in Southern Africa after 1750 Flashcards
(16 cards)
How was Shaka portrayed in the past?
the past he has been portrayed negatively and described as a warrior leader or a savage despot sources have described him to attack other groups to expand the Zulu kingdom he was a and ruthless leader and a cruel tyrant.
How is Shaka portrayed in the present ?
In the present time Shaka is portrayed more positively he was the founder of the Zulu nation and often described as a brave and fearless warrior who was considered to be a military genius and strategist as well as a great leader.
How is Shaka portrayed today?
- The international airport in KwaZulu natal is called King Shaka International Airport
- Theme park in Durban is called uShaka Marine World
- There was a series released about Shaka on SABC
When was Shaka made chief?
1816
What were soldiers required to do ?
- run barefoot on thorny ground to toughen the soles.
2. Soldiers had to be fit to run long distances.
How did the Zulu kingdom become so powerful ?
- The Zulu army conquered neighboring chiefdoms.
- These chiefdoms provided the Zulu with cattle which made them wealthier and gain more power.
- Shaka used diplomatic skills to get groups to join him voluntarily.
What did Shaka do that led to his assassination?
When Nandi his mother died, 7 000 people were killed because they did not display enough grief.
Who killed Shaka ?
Dingane and Mahlangane stabbed
Shaka used what tactic in battle?
Buffalo-Horns
What key event took place in 1817?
Mthethwa were defeated by Zidwe
What was the use of the amakhanda?
Meeting point for amabutho
What did Dingane do to consolidate power?
When the Zulu army returned from an unsuccessful campaign he did not punish them.
■He allowed several amabutho to get married.
■Gifts of cattle were given to Shaka’s indunas (advisors) to win their support.
Discuss the term transformation
period of substantial change.
Mfecane or Difaqane
Mfecane or Difaqane and also as the times of trouble. It can be described as a period were a serious of major political and social upheavals, wars and migrations took place. Thus resulted in new chiefdoms and states being created.
The two causes of the Mfecane ?
Some chiefdoms grew more powerful e.g. Zulu kingdom under Shaka and began to rule over other kingdoms and thus caused new states to emerge. This increased the tension among chiefdoms which spurred on wars.
- The increase in competition for resources also seemingly played a role. There was trade from the Cape colony as well as a trading post in Delagoa Bay by the Portuguese which extended the economic activities within the region.
Political changes in the Tswana interior
Tswana chiefs made and broke alliances which resulted in conflict
- Some Tswana chiefdoms struggled to maintain their power and control as some grew more independent the struggling chiefdoms felt threatened by this.
- Cattle raiding increased disputes and fighting
- Severe drought resulted in crop failure and food shortages this increased competition for resources such as cattle, land, agricultural products and labor in other areas .
- European colonial expansion also influenced the increase in conflict due to competition in trade.
