Transfusiom Transmitted Diseases

Question 1

What must a donor pass for us to perform a number of serological tests?

Answer 1

The medical screen and donor questionnaire

Question 2

What can Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) be used to detect?

Answer 2

Non-A & Non-B Hepatitis

Question 3

How long do HAV symptoms last?

Answer 3

<2 months but may persist up to 6
Most common form of hepatitis

Question 4

When is HAV shed?

Answer 4

In the feces during the 28 day incubation period

Question 5

When is the HBsAg detectable?

Answer 5

2-12 weeks after exposure
12-20 weeks becomes undetectable

Question 6

What can prevent transmission of HBV?

Answer 6

Heat inactivation

Question 7

How can HCV be transmitted?

Answer 7

Needle stick/Tattoo/Piercing
Human bite
Transfusion/Transplant
Sex
Razor/toothbrush

Question 8

How can we prevent HCV?

Answer 8

Blood screens
Universal precautions
Education

Question 9

What must a patient have to contract HDV?

Answer 9

HBV first
HDV is single stranded RNA virus

Question 10

What are HIV 1 and 2 recognized as?

Answer 10

Etiologic agents of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

Question 11

How do both HIV 1 & 2 manifest clinically?

Answer 11

Asymptomatic or mild
Chronic lymphadenopathy
Similar to Infectious mononucleosis

Question 12

When is a patient classified as having AIDS?

Answer 12

When CD4 count is less than 200/uL

Question 13

What is used for the detection of HIV 1?

Answer 13

EIA
Indirect Immunofluorescence

Question 14

What is used for the detection of HIV 2?

Answer 14

EIA Combo Test
RNA Nucleic Acid Test (NAT)

Question 15

What are Anti-p24 and Anti-gp41?

Answer 15

Markers used to detect acute phases of AIDS

Question 16

What is associated with adult T-cell Lymphoma/leukemia (ATL)?

Answer 16

Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses (HTLV)
Type 1 and 2

Question 17

What is used to detect HTLV 1 and 2?

Answer 17

EIA
No confirmatory test

Question 18

How does West Nile Virus (WNV) cause encephalitis, meningitis, or meningoencephalitis?

Answer 18

WNV is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier

Question 19

How is WNV transmitted?

Answer 19

Mosquitoes feed off infected birds and then bite humans
No licensed treatment
Only supportive therapy

Question 20

Who is at highest risk of getting a CMV infection?

Answer 20

Fetuses
Allogenic bone marrow recipients

Question 21

How is CMV most commonly transmitted?

Answer 21

From mother to fetus

Question 22

What is Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) most associated with and what is another name for it?

Answer 22

“The kissing disease”
Associated with infectious mono
Virus is shed in the saliva

Question 23

What is Human B19 Parvovirus also known as?

Answer 23

Fifth Disease
Slapped Cheek Syndrome

Question 24

What are the symptoms of Babesiosis?

Answer 24

Renal Failure
DIC
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Elderly/aslpenic patients

Question 25

What are symptoms of Trypanosoma Cruzi?

Answer 25

Lymphadenopathy Myocarditis Gastrointestinal symptoms

Question 26

What are the different species Plasmodium can come in?

Answer 26

P. Malaria P. Falciparum P. Vivax P. Ovale

Question 27

What are symptoms of malaria?

Answer 27

Anemia Hemolysis Splenomegaly

Question 28

How is Malaria transmitted?

Answer 28

Through the bite of a female Anopheles Mosquito

Question 29

How long are donors who had malaria deferred for?

Answer 29

3 years

Question 30

How can we treat all four species of Plasmodium?

Answer 30

Chloroquine for chemoprophylaxis

Question 31

What is considered as a Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE)?

Answer 31

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)

Question 32

What are the forms we can see CJD?

Answer 32

Sporadic (Most common 85% - 90%) Inherited Iatrogenic Variant form

Question 33

What does CJD result in?

Answer 33

Sponge like lesions in the brain causing fatal neurodegeneration