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Transfusion Flashcards

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1
Q

Soure of antibody heterogenity is

A

Gene arrangement in the central immune organs

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of acute hemolytic transfusoin reaction?

A

ABO errors

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3
Q

Regarding platelet transfusion, anti-HLA antibodies play a key role in development of

A

Refractoriness to platelet transfusions

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4
Q

Which is the most common type of genetic variants among blood group antigens?

A

Single nucleotide polymorpisns (SNP)

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5
Q

Who should be deferred from blood donation

A

All of the above (febrile donors, persons returning from zika-endemic places, persons on iv. drug use)

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6
Q

Obligatory donor screening test in all developed countries EXCEPT

A

Hepatic enzyme levels (ASAT, ALAT) or serum bilirubin

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7
Q

Which of the following are accepted definitions of “massive blood loss”

A

Blood loss >150ml/min

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8
Q

Platelets can be transfused regardless of donor RhD

A

A young man aged 22

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9
Q

The transfusion related immunomodulation (TRIM)..

A

Can be either beneficial or harmful, depending on the clinical situation

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10
Q

The most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

Von Willebrand’s disease

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11
Q

The most likely source of Yersinia contamination of a red blood cell unit is

A

Transient asymptomatic donor bacteremia

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12
Q

Advantages of the subcutaneous immunoglobulin substitution, EXCEPT:

A

Lack of local side effects

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13
Q

MHC (HLA) class I complex

A

Is expressed in all nucleated cells

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14
Q

The transfusion related immunomodulation (TRIM) is associated with

A

All the above (the living leukocytes transfused by the blood product,
soluble factors released during storage, soluble HLA molecules)

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15
Q

Possible way to collect more plasma for fractionation than whole blood donation

A

Plasmapheresis

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16
Q

A person of unknown ABO/RhD type should be transfused with

A

RhD negative red blood cells and ABO fresh frozen plasma

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17
Q

Characteristic for intravenous immunoglobulin products, EXCEPT

A

High IgG aggregate content

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18
Q

The immunogenicity of a red cell antigen indicates

A

Its potency to induce the production of an alloantibody in an individual for the giv..

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19
Q

The window period of an infection is a time period

A

When antigens are already cleared but antibodies are not produced yet

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20
Q

Which is the maximum benefit that can be expected from a directed blood donation?

A

A family member with hepatitis can be identified

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21
Q

Commonly applied treatments in excessive menstrual bleeding caused by von Willebrand disease EXCEPT

A

recombinant VIII factor products

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22
Q

Passenger leukocytes are responsible for all of the following adverse events EXCEPT

A

anaphylaxia

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23
Q

Benefits of autologous blood transfusion EXCEPT

A

urgency, available also in urgent situations

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24
Q

Which blood group is determined by a transferase

A

ABO blood group

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25
Indications for intraoperative cell salvage in adults and children EXCEPT
surgery where the anticipated blood loss is <20% of the patients estimated blood volume
26
Which is not characteristic for subcutaneous immunoglobulin substitution treatment
Can be used only with infusion pump
27
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Transfusion related bacterial infections and hemolytic reactions cause completely different clinical symptoms
28
Transfusion associated graft versus host disease can be prevented by
irreadiation with a minimum dose of 25 Gy
29
The positive selection means
All T-cells are killed in thymus if not recognizing self MHC
30
What is the most common cause of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions?
ABO errors
31
The optimal rate of blood donation activity (donation/inhabitants)
5%
32
The most widespread screening tests to prevent transfusion transmitted infections are:
HBsAg, anti HBc, anti-HCV, Anti HIV, HCV PCR, Syphilis serology (VDRL)
33
The immunogenicity of a red blood cell antigen indicates:
Its potency to induce the production of an alloantibody in an individual negative for the given antigen
34
Who discovered the ABO blood group system?
Karl Landsteiner
35
Blood transfusion for a potential organ transplant recipient...?
...should be indicated after a thorough consideration, because the risk of harmful HLA sensitization or the potential graft survival advantage is not predictable
36
Which of the following statements are true about volunteer and paid donors?
Patients receiving blood products from paid donors carry higher risk of transmitted infections
37
The most frequent cause of serious lethal transfusion associated adverse events:
Incorrect blood component transfused
38
What is the complication that is less likely if HLA-match is perfect in hematopoetic stem cell transplantation?
GVHD
39
What are the most important characteristics of tissue stem cells?
self-preservation and differentiation capability
40
Which therapeutic approach is inappropriate in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CIVD)?
Which therapeutic approach is inappropriate in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CIVD)?
41
The most widespread screening tests to prevent transfusion transmitted infections are
HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, HCV PCR, syphilis serology
42
The primary immune organs are:
Bone marrow and thymus
43
The T-cell receptors are consisting of:
Two variable and two constant chains
44
Which alleles are not inherited in a co-dominant way?
RhD blood group: D and d
45
Which type of transplantation has the greatest requirement of blood?
Liver
46
Cross-match prior to kidney transplantation allows
The prevention of hyperacute rejection
47
The risk of transfusion related potassium toxicity can be decreased by
Utilizing fresh (not older than 1 week) RBC product
48
Disease frequently causing platelet function alterations, except
Hyperuricaemia (gout)
49
Risk of HCV transmission can be decreased by, EXCEPT:
decrease allo- antigen expression of RBC
50
Indications for albumin support, except
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
51
MHC (HLA) class ll molecules are expressed
dendritic cell
52
Options for living donations, Except:
emotional relative
53
What is the mechanism by which mesenchymal stem cells enhance the regeneration of damaged tissue?
synthesis of trophic and/or anti-apoptotic factors
54
Primary function of the MHC (HLA) system
antigen presentation
55
The advantages of intraoperative cell salvages, except
low level of 2,3 DPG
56
A potential donor should be deferred in case, except:
a previous blood donation, 6 months earlier
57
Potential cause of ineffective RBC transfusion, except?
acute autoimmune disease
58
Appropriate therapy against citrate toxicity
calcium gluconate Or calcium chloride
59
the following technique for unstable blood product allows lower than 1 x 106 WBC/unit
apheresisis technique
60
in massive bleeding, the factor that the soonest reaches critical levels
Fibrinogen
61
Regarding platelet transfusion, anti HLA antibodies play a key role in the development of.
refractoriness to platelet transfusion
62
Which phenotype is caused by an inactive Abo glycocosil transferase ?
O
63
What is the minimal frequency of heart rate control during transfusion
Prior and after each unit transfused
64
The person should be deferred from blood donation, except
Regularly-plasma donation
65
structurally carbohydrate blood group antigen
H
66
Which autoimmune disease has the strongest correlation to HLA antigens?
Celiac disease
67
What is the HLA-Haplotype:
The group of HLA alleles physically linked on a single chromosome
68
What is the disease that has a marked component of HLA association?
Coeliakia (gluten sensitive enteropathies)
69
What is the approach to restore haemostasis after a loss of 100% of blood volume?
Red blood cells + Fresh Frozen plasma + Factors (ll + Vll + LX + X + Fibrinogen +/- platelets
70
The source of antibody heterogeneity is:
Gene rearrangement in the central immune organs
71
Common donor eligibility criteria, except
Level of education
72
In case of bone marrow failure, how much blood should be transfused?
1 bage of RBC per week
73
What is the difference between IgG and IgM?
IgM cant cross placenta while IgG can
74
Symptoms of TACO (transfusion associated circulatory overload) except:
Bradyarrhytmia
75
Sign of brain death (something like that.)
No corneal reflex
76
What is the function of the Rh on RBC?
Protein that holds together RBC membrane
77
When should we monitor blood pressure ..(in transfused patient).. nobody knows.
Before and after transfusion
78
What is synthesized by the endothelium?
Von Willebrand + NO + Signal Protein ERK5
79
How much does 1 unit of RBC increase the HG level approximately?
1g/dl
80
Which transplanted organ needs the highest amount of O2?
Kidney
81
Which antigen is Carbohydrate (something like that)?
H
82
Most frequent main diagnosis for cadaveric ( deceased) donors
Cerebrovascular attack
83
Regarding platelet transfusion anti-HLA antibodies play a key role on the development of
Refractoriness to platelet transfusion
84
The most favourable donor population
Voluntary donors without remuneration
85
Important information in the history with respect to allo immunization
Previous pregnancies and their proceess
86
Which of the following symptoms require urgent therapy for a patient with delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction ?
Oliguria
87
Role of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in hemostasis:
Binds fibrinogen allowing platelet-platelet binding
88
Dynamic testing options of the coagulation system:
Viscoelastic tests (TEG, ROTEM)
89
Function of the Rh blood group proteins
Gas transporter (transports CO2 or NH3)
90
Complications with increased risk after the transfusion of long-stored (old) red blood cell concentrate, EXCEPT
Circulatory overload
91
Diagnostic tests to be performed on the cadaver donor to facilitate transplantation, EXCEPT
CT-angiography
92
What is the treatment of post transfusion purpura (PTP):
High dose IVIG (this is the 1st choice, other can be plasmapheresis and corticosteroids)
93
What can happen if you transfuse unwarm blood, EXCEPT:
Hemolysis
94
What are the signs of hemolysis, EXCEPT:
Alkalosis
95
Pathomechanism of hyperacute reaction, EXCEPT
Normal cytotoxic T-cells
96
MHC type I receptors are present, EXCEPT:
Platelets
97
Pathomechanism of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
Neutrophil-mediated endothelial damage
98
Consequences of traumatic massive bleeding, EXCEPT:Consequences of traumatic massive bleeding, EXCEPT:
Alkalosis
99
What are reasons for a coagulopathy to occur, except?
Hypokalemia
100
Potential complications of massive transfusion
Citrate toxicity
101
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR) can develop in the presence of
A complement binding allo-antibodies
102
Characteristic element of the pathomechanism of post transfusion purpura
allo-antibody against platelet antigens
103
The risk of transfusion related hemosiderosis is increased in
Beta thalassemia major
104
Which components are indicated for transfusion in case of 100% blood loss.
RBC + FFP + coagulation factors II, V, VII, IX, X + platelets
105
What do you give to someone who needs 100% blood
RBC + plasma + fibrinogen +/- platelets
106
approximate effect on hemoglobin level of 1 unit RBC concentrate in a healthy adult with average body weight without blood loss?
approx. 1g/dl
107
What is the correct sequence of key activities in transfusion medicine?
Donor - product - recipient - outcome
108
What is the primary goal of crossmatching prior to solid organ transplantation?
to prevent hyperacute rejection

Transfusion (1 decks)

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