Transfusion Flashcards
(35 cards)
what type of transfusion rxn can be avoided?:
AHTR acute hemolytic avoided by prior compatibility testing; other transfusion reactions cannot be predicted by compatibility testing
think of blood as milk - you don’t want to drink 2 week old milk
biologic products
inherent risks of transmitting infectious diseases or causing other adverse reactions
normovolemic, resting animal can be maintained down to a PCV of
10%
no specific transfusion trigger
certain PCV
or coagulation times
time, temp., indication: FWB t1 FWB t2 stored whole blood (SWB) pRBC
<8hr, 4-24C, PLATELETS., coag., blood
<24hr, 4C, coag. blood
<28 days, coag., blood
<28 days, anemia
Platelet rich plasma (PRP)
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
frozen plasma
<24 hr if mixed, life threat bleed
<1 year, -20-40C, any coag.
<2years - rodentic
cryoprecipitate
Cryoprecipitate-poor plasma (cryo-poor)
<24 hr if mixed, life threat bleed
<1 year, -20-40, vWD, fibringen, fibronectin
Hemophilia A (but not B)
Hypofibrinogenemia
hypoproteinemia Some coagulopathies (factors II, VII, IX, XI)
animals can readily tolerate a loss of up to ___% of blood volume
20% of blood volume
=canine blood donors regularly give 20 ml/kg - while cats give 10 ml/kg q6-12 weeks
is a < PCV is a contraindication for fluid administration
no - restore perfusion
anesthesia & surgery should have a PCV of
20%
IMHA “add fuel to the fire”
no evidence
heparin (including accidental use of undiluted heparin flushes):
can also be corrected with FFP
although protamine rapidly reverse
Critically ill animals with albumin concentrations less than 1.5 g/dl may benefit from plasma why
important carrier of certain drugs, hormones, metals, chemicals, toxins, and enzymes
40ml/kg for 1g/dl increase therefore minimal help at doses we use
cryo:
fibronectin, fibrinogen, wBD, VIII
hemophilia A
platelets lifespan
RBC dog vs cat
neutrophil
<7 days
120d, 60-120 d
<1d
platelets cannot readily be stored for any length of time:
last ___ in blood in IMT:
use:
<8 hours at room temperature with agitation
immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, transfused platelets have a very short half-life (hours) and will not result in any appreciable platelet rise but may transiently stop severe hemorrhage
stop severe hemorrhage
Life-threatening hemorrhage caused by thrombocytopenia in anemic dogs could be treated with:
WBC transfusion not feasible why?
FWB
Rarely, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and lyophilized platelet concentrates
lyophilized platelets have been intermittently available and may provide adequate hemostasis
very short T1/2 <24hrs in health - even shorter if transfused
canine blood type - #
inheritance
> 12 but main DEA + vs - (like rH)
codominantly inherited
Transfusion rx against other blood types:
DEA 4
Dal in Dalmatians and likely few other breeds, and another common red blood cell antigen in a Whippet.
false agglutination in type kit”
explain kit: Ab vs DEA+
autoagg. (IMHA), >hyperproteinemia (Ab bind)
agglutination = DEA + b/c binding
Type A is dominant over B
3rd - extremely rare AB cat
is it produced by mating A & B cats toget.?
AB most common breed
no-
third allele recessive to a or codominant to b (or both) leads to the expression of both A (glycyl) and B (allyl) substances
no - unless the cat with type A carries a rare AB allele
ragdoll
breeds:
A:
B:
AB:
Siamese cats have type A blood
Turkish Vans and Angoras equal numbers of type A and B blood
ragdoll
Alloab. NI
all cats w B have very strong naturally occurring anti-A alloantibodies
weak reaction - Kittens receive anti-A alloantibodies through the colostrum from type B queens, and type B kittens develop high alloantibody titers (>1 : 32 to 1 : 2048) after a few weeks of age
strong reaction and hemolysis - A kitten to B queen
initial crossmatch of a dog
should be compatible bc no preformed alloAb
cross match
benefit
- test serological compatibility without knowing A or B does not replace need for blood type
can detect an A-B mismatch as well as other incompatibilities i.e. Mik
