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Transition Metals Flashcards

1
Q

Transition elements

A

An element that forms at least one stable one with a partially filled d sub shell

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2
Q

Name two elements that are not transition metals

A

Scandium SC3+
Zinc Zn2+

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3
Q

Electronic configuration of chromium

A

Is2, 2s2,2p6,3s2,3p6,4s1,3d5

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4
Q

E.C of copper

A

1s2, 2s2, 2p6,3s2,3p6,4s1,3d10

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5
Q

Properties of transition metal

A

Form complex ions
Coloured ion
Catalytic properties
Variable oxidation state

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6
Q

Coordinate bond

A

Covalent bond where both electrons are donated by 1 atom only

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7
Q

Ligand

A

Molecule or ion with a lone pair of electrons that form a coordinate bond with central metal ion

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8
Q

Bidentate ligand

A

Molecule or ion with 2 lone pair of electrons on two different atoms that each form a coordinate bond with central metal ion

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9
Q

Coordination number

A

The number of coordinate bonds formed with central metal ion

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10
Q

Complex ion

A

The central metal ion surrounded by ligands

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11
Q

Monodetate ligands

A

Each have 1 coordinate bond

H2O
NH3
CN-
Cl-

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12
Q

Bidentate ligand

A

Each ligand form 2 coordinate bonds
Ethane-1,2-diamine
Ethanedioate C2O4 2-

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13
Q

Multidentate ligands

A

Each ligand form more than 2 coordinate bond
EDTA4-
EDTA4- can form six coordinate bonds, 2 coordinate bonds with N atoms and 4 coordinate bonds from O- atoms

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14
Q

Chelate effect

A

When monodentate ligand is substituted by a Bidentate or a multidentate ligand
Results in increasing number of moles on RHS
Increases entropy

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15
Q

Why a reaction is feasible

A

Entropy change is zero
Because same number of bonds are broken and formed
More molecules on RHS
Entropy increases
Delta G is negative

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16
Q

Heamoglobin

A

4 coordinate bonds between Fe2+ and N atoms in beam structure ( square planer)
1 coordinate bond between Fe2+ and O2 molecule
1 coordinate bond between Fe2+ and globin protein

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17
Q

Why CO is toxic

A

O2 forms a coordinate bond with Fe2+ in Haemoglobin enabling oxygen to be transported around the body
CO is toxic as it bonds more strongly and permanently to Fe2+ in heamoglobin
This prevents O2 binding to Fe 2+ causing suffocation

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18
Q

Octahedral complexes

A

Ligands of 4 one type and 2 of another type can form octahedral complexes
Can also form cis and trans isomers

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19
Q

Square planer

A

PtCl2(NH3)2
Can form cis and trans isomer

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20
Q

Cis platin

A

Bonds to DNA cancer cell and stop cell replication
The two Cl- ions on Cisplatin are substituted for 2 N atoms in the adjacent guanine bases

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21
Q

Roy light

A

Low energy

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22
Q

Big light

A

High energy

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23
Q

kMNO4 clour

A

Purple
( absorbs yellow and Green )

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24
Q

CuSO4

A

Blue

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25
Ground state
In pure transition metal atom all d orbitals have equal energy. This is called ground state
26
Difference in energy
E=hc/lemda H= Planck constant c is speed of light Lemda is wavelengths of light
27
Big Energy
Abosob blue indigo and voilent Reflect red orange and yellow Compound looks orange/red
28
Small energy
ROY absorbs BIV reflected Compound looks blue\ purple
29
Change in E could be because of
LOCOS Change in ligand Change in oxidation state Change is coordination number Change in shape of complex
30
Colour of VO2 +
Yellow
31
VO 2+
Blue
32
V3+
Green
33
V2+
Voilent
34
Fe2+
Green
35
Fe 3+
Pale yellow
36
Co2+
Brown
37
Co3+
Yellow
38
Cr 2+
Blue
39
Cr3+
Red- voilent
40
Heterogeneous catalysis
Catalyst is in diffenent phase as reactants
41
Homogeneous catalysis
Reactant is in same phase as catalyst
42
How does a catalyst work
Reactants adsorb onto the surface of catalyst on active site Reaction occurs on the surface of catalyst Product desorb from surface of catalyst
43
How to make catalyst efficient
Increase the surface area Spread catalyst over the inert support of medium
44
How can poisoning occur in catalyst
Impurities Allan block the active site This prevent the reactants form adsorbing Purifying the reactants is the best way to prevent poisoning
45
Heterogeneous catalysis examples
Making ammonia is Harber process Catalysed by solid iron N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 Making sulphuric acid in contact process Catalysed by vanadium oxide V2O5
46
Contact process
SO2 + V2O5 = SO3 + V2O4 2 V2O4 + O2 = 2V2O5 Overall reaction SO2 + O2= SO3 SO3 can react with water to form sulphuric acid
47
Menufacturing of methanol
Catalysed by chromium oxide CH4 + H2O = CO + 3H2 CO + 2H2 =CH3OH
48
Why transition metals act as catalyst
Because they have variable oxidation states
49
Why group 1 elements don’t act as catalyst
Because they have only one oxidation state
50
Homogenous catalysis examples
Peroxodisulfate ions oxidise iodide ions to iodine. reaction is catalysed by Fe2+ ions.
51
Fe2 +
Fe3+
52
MnO4-
Mn2+
53
Cr2O7 2-
Cr3+
54
C2O4 2-
CO2
55
Zn
Zn2+
56
S2O8 2-
SO4 2-
57
I-
I2
58
Mn3+
Mn2+
59
Co2+
Co3+
60
VO2+
VO^2+
61
Why uncatalysed reactions have higher Ea?
Both both ions are negative and they repel each other
62
Autocatalysis
It is when one product of the reaction catalyses the reaction.
63
example of autocatalysis
oxidation of ethandioic acid by manganate (VII) ions
64
Graph for autocatalysis
rate starts off slowly as there is no catalysts initailly. The two negatively charged reactants collide with a higher Ea. Then some Mn^2+ is formed , the rate of reaction is being increased as Mn^2+ acts as a catalyst. The rate then decreases and levels off as all the reactants get used up.
65
reation of MnO4^- to Fe^2+
from deep purple to colorless
66
Why HCl should never be used if transition metal redox reaction is taking place in acidic conditions?
Because both MnO4^- and Cr2O7^2- can oxidese Cl- ions to Cl2. Cl2 gas poses obvious safely risks. also effect titration effect, and make it seem like more oxidising agent has been used than it should be sulphuric acid should be used to acidify the solutions.
67
Describe briefly how colorimeter can be used to to determine the concentration of this solution ?
Make some known concentrations Plot a graph of absorbance vs concentration Read/compare the unknown concentration from calibration curve.
68
Why reactants should be purified before they come into contact with catalyst.
So catalyst are not poisoned

Chem (7 decks)

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