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inorganic chemistry year 2 > transition metals > Flashcards

transition metals Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

define transition element

A

an element which forms at least one stable ion with a partially full d- shell of electrons

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2
Q

characteristic physical properties

A 
metallic
good conductors
hard
strong
shiny
high mp/bp
low reactivity
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3
Q

uses of iron

A

vehicle bodies

reinforce concrete

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4
Q

uses of titanium

A

jet engine parts

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5
Q

uses of copper

A

water pipes

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6
Q

characteristic chemical properties

A

variable oxidation states
coloured compounds in solution
good catalyst
form complex ions

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7
Q

complex ion

A

central transition metal ion surrounded by ligands that are coordinated bonded to it

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8
Q

catalysts in processes

A

iron - haber
vanadium oxide - contact
MnO2 - decomposition of H2O2

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9
Q

which electrons do transition metals lose first when forming ions

A

4s

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10
Q

define ligand

A

an ion or molecule with at least one lone pair of electrons, that donates them to a transition metal ion to form a coordinate bond and thus a complex ion

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11
Q

monodentate ligands

A

cl-
H2O
NH3
Cn-

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12
Q

ethanedioate

A 
..            ..
O -        O -
  \        /
   C -C
  / /      \\
O           O
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13
Q

ethane-1,2-diamine

A

:NH2 - CH2 - CH2 - :NH2

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14
Q

how many coordinate bonds does EDTA4- form

A

six

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15
Q

define coordination number

A

the number of coordinate bonds the metal ion has formed to surround the ligand

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16
Q

chelate effect

A

chelate complexes with multidentate ligands are favoured over monodentate ligands or ligands that form fewer coordinate bonds per molecule

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17
Q

chelate effect in terms of entropy

A

number of molecules increases when multidentate ligands , displace ligands that form fewer coordinate bonds per molecule
more stable complex ion formed

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18
Q

transition metal in water

A

Aqua ion, 6H2O ligands

octahedral

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19
Q

transition metal with two ligands

A

linear

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20
Q

transition metal with four ligands

A

tetrahedral

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21
Q

platin

A

square planar

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22
Q

conditions needed for a complex ion to display optical isomerism

A

octahedral with two or more bidentate ligands

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23
Q

haem

A

a molecule which makes up protein chains, with an Fe2+ central metal ion
coordination number = 6
4 of which bonds to porphyrin, 1 to nitrogen of a globin protein, 1 to oxygen

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24
Q

haemoglobin transport oxygen

Study These Flashcards
A

O2 forms weak coordinate bond to the metal ion which is transported around the body. the bond breaks when haemoglobin reaches cells

25
why is CO toxic
coordinately bonds to FE2+ and is a better ligand so bonds more strongly than O2 stops O2 from bonding so it can not be transported around the body
26
why are transition metal compounds coloured
partially filled d orbitals in compounds with ligands the d orbital splits into different energy levels energy gap see reflected light
27
delta E
\ | hf= hc/ /\
28
how is delta E changed
oxidation state of metal number/type of ligands shape coordination number
29
VO2^+ VO^2 + V^3+ V^2+
5+ yellow 4+ blue 3+ green 2+ violet
30
what reduces vanadium
zinc
31
what colour is Fe2+ aqua ion
green
32
what colour is Fe3+ aqua ion
pale brown
33
what colour is Cr2+ aqua ion
blue
34
what colour is Cr3+ aqua ion
red/violet
35
what colour is Co2+ aqua ion
brown
36
what colour is Co3+ aqua ion
yellow
37
what does a colorimeter do
measure the absorbance of a particular wavelength of light by a solution
38
which oxidation states do all transition metals have except Sc
2+
39
colour of MnO4^-
deep purple
40
colour of MN2+
pink
41
reduction of MnO4^-
MnO4^- + 8H+ +5e- = Mn2+ + 4H2O
42
colour of Cr2O7^2-
orange
43
colour of Cr3+
green
44
reduction of Cr2O72-
Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e- = 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
45
what happens to aqua metal ions in acidic conditions
they get reduced
46
what happens to aqua metal ions in alkaline conditions
they get oxidised
47
define a catalyst
a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being chemically changed at the end of the reaction
48
how do catalysts usually work
provide an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy
49
why are transition metals good catalysts
they can exist in variable oxidation states so can provide alternative pathways easily
50
advantages of using a catalyst
allows reactions to proceed at lower temperatures and pressures
51
metals used in catalytic converters
Pt Rd Pd
52
heterogeneous catalyst
catalyst is in a different phase to the reactants | activity occurs on the solid surface as the reactants pass over it
53
heterogenous catalysts work
reactants absorb the catalyst's surface at active sites. this weakens bonds within the reactants, holds reactants close together on the surface and/or in the correct orientation to react. once the reaction has occurred, products desorb from active sites
54
what is catalyst poisoning
unwanted impurities adsorb to the catalyst's active sites and do not desorb this blocks the active sites
55
how can a catalyst be degraded
finely divided catalyst can be gradually lost from their support medium
56
Haber process
N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 | iron catalyst
57
contact process
SO2 + V2O5 = SO3 + V2O4 | V2O4 + 1/2O2 = V2O5
58
homogenous catalyst
catalyst that is in the same phase as the reactants | form intermediates to give a different reaction pathway with a lower activation energy

inorganic chemistry year 2 (3 decks)

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