Translation Flashcards
1
Q
What is translation?
A
making the protein coded for by the mRNA strand, at the ribosome
2
Q
Which organelles are involved in translation?
A
ribosomes
3
Q
What is the role of tRNA in translation?
A
- tRNA has an amino acid binding site at one end and an anti-codon
- tRNA binds to an amino acid and attaches itself to mRNA by complementary base pairing
- two molecules attach to mRNA at a time
- the amino acids at the other end of tRNA join by a peptide bond
4
Q
Why might a polypeptide chain consist of one less amino acid than there are codons?
A
As one codon is a stop codon, which does not code for an amino acid
5
Q
Describe how one amino acid is added to a polypeptide that is being
formed at a ribosome during translation
A
- tRNA brings specific amino acid (to ribosome)
- Anticodon (on tRNA) binds to codon (on mRNA)
- Amino acids join by condensation reaction (using ATP)
(peptide bond)
6
Q
Describe how a polypeptide is formed by translation of mRNA (7 marking points)
A
- (mRNA attaches) to ribosomes
- (tRNA) anticodons (bind to) complementary (mRNA) codons
- tRNA brings a specific amino acid
- Amino acids join by peptide bonds
- (Amino acids join together) with the use of ATP
- tRNA released (after amino acid joined to polypeptide)
- The ribosome moves along the mRNA to form the polypeptide
