Translation Flashcards
(28 cards)
Methionine codon
AUG
Stop codons
UGA, UAG, UAA
Tryptophan codon
UGG
Stages of protein synthesis
Binding of amino acid to tRNA
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Components of Binding amino acid to tRNA (4)
Amino acids
tRNAs
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
ATP
Amino acids
Building blocks of protein
tRNAs
Deliver amino acids to ribosomes
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Attaches amino acids to tRNAs
ATP
Provides energy for binding amino acid to tRNA
Components of protein synthesis initiation (7)
mRNA fMet-tRNA 30s ribosomal subunit 50s ribosomal subunit Initiation factor 1 Initiation factor 2 Initiation factor 3
mRNA
Carries coding instructions
fMET-tRNA
Provides first amino acid in peptide
30s ribosomal subunit
Attaches to mRNA
50s ribosomal subunit
Stabilizies tRNAs and amino acids
Initiation factor 1
Enhances dissociation of large and small subunits of ribosome
Initiation factor 2
Binds GTP; delivers fMet-tRNA to initiation codon
GTP
guanosine triphosphate (energy source)
Initiation factor 3
Binds to 30s subunit and prevents association with 50s subunit
Components of Elongation (7)
70s initiation complex Charged tRNAs Elongation factor Tu Elongation factor Ts Elongation factor G GTP Peptidyl transferase center
70s initiation complex
Functional ribosome with A, P, and E sites where protein synthesis takes place
Charged tRNAs
Bring amino acids to ribosome and help assemble them in order specified by mRNA
Elongation factor Tu
Binds GTP and charged tRNA; delivers charged tRNA to A site
Elongation factor Ts
Generates active elongation factor Tu
Elongation factor G
Stimulates movement of ribosome to next codon
