Transpiration And Translocation

Question 1

Xylem

Answer 1

Non-living vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to its leaves, the xylem is hollow and nearby cells are lignified or dead so water can move continuously

Question 2

Lignin

Answer 2

A chemical that provides support to xylem cells and prevents the unwanted movement of water into nearby cells

Question 3

Phloem

Answer 3

Living and elongated vascular tissue that carries sucrose and organic substances throughout a plant using energy, the phloem has sieve plates that act as pores to allow molecules to diffuse between cells

Question 4

Stomata

Answer 4

Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen, carbon dioxide and water can move

Question 5

Guard cells

Answer 5

Pairs of cells that surround the stomata and control their opening and closing to optimise gas exchange and reduce water loss

Question 6

Roots

Answer 6

Underground plant organs that absorb water and minerals

Question 7

Root hair cell

Answer 7

Cells that absorb water and mineral ions from the soil, via diffusion, osmosis or active transport using hair structures with a large surface area

Question 8

Active transport in root hair cells

Answer 8

When there are low quantities of mineral salts in the soil, root hair cells absorb them via active transport using energy, which is produced via continuous respiration in the root hair cells

Question 9

Transpiration

Answer 9

The process of the movement of water through a plant and the loss of water from a plant through its leaves

Question 10

Factors affecting transpiration

Answer 10

Changing temperature, humidity, air movement and light intensity

Question 11

Effect of factors affecting transpiration

Answer 11

Light, wind and heat will increase the rate of transpiration, humidity will decrease the rate of transpiration

Question 12

Rate of transpiration

Answer 12

The rate of water loss from a plant

Question 13

Potometer

Answer 13

A device used for measuring the rate of water uptake of a plant due to photosynthesis and transpiration, a bubble of water will move along the potometer to indicate the rate of transpiration

Question 14

Translocation

Answer 14

The transportation of sucrose and amino acids around the plant via phloem tissue, sugars are prone to translocation as they are made in the leaves and need to be transported around the plant