Transport Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is the function of the transport system?
To deliver nutrients and oxygen and carry away cellular waste.
What does xylem and phloem transport?
- xylem transports water and minerals whereas phloem transports sugar and other organic nutrients from where they are made to where they are needed for growth and metabolism.
Since mosses and algae lack the vascular system, how do they obtain water and food?
They live in wet or moist places where water and food directly diffuses directly into their cells.
Define Root pressure.
Is the force of water moving into the roots by osmosis, since concentration of minerals is higher in the roots then in the soil, this pressure helps push water up the xylem.
Define Root pressure.
Is the force of water moving into the roots by osmosis, since concentration of minerals is higher in the roots then in the soil, this pressure helps push water up the xylem.
2 reasons why plants need adequate amount of water?
To use in photosynthesis.
To remain turgid.
How do plants living underwater get access to CO2?
They gather carbon dioxide from the water. They release oxygen which can be seen as tiny air bubbles around it.
Define Lenticels and state its function.
Lenticels are raised lose cork tissues which are responsible for gas exchange/ aerobic respiration in woody plants.
How do pneumatophores carry out gas exchange?
They have erect roots with specialized structures that allow for respiration. They carry gas exchange through lenticels.
Why cannot dissolved minerals pass through the phospholipid bilayer?
Because they are charged.
Root cells depend on active transport to bring minerals into xylem. How do these root cells get the ATP from?
They require this ATP from respiration. Roots get glucose through the phloem that is required to make this ATP.
State the function of phloem cells?
To carry food from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
What is the significance of sap?
Since starch molecules are too large to pass through the cell membrane, it is hydrolysed to sucrose and other organic food molecules called sap.
What is the transport of sap called?
Translocation.
Define ‘translocation’.
Is the movement of sap from the roots to the stems and leaves.
Why is sap in the phloem always under high pressure?
The pressure helps push sap through the phloem.
Describe sieve cells.
Sieve cells are continuous tubes throughout the plant. They have sieve plates, which are tiny holes/pores on both the end walls of the cell so that sap can easily pass through.
Give 2 functions of companion cells.
- They provide the sieve cells with ATP for active transport.
- They direct the sieve cells to carry food to roots and stems for storage and cells that need energy.
Why don’t small and sessile organisms need a transport system?
Because they are inactive and can get the materials needed by diffusion alone.
Explain how transport in cnidarians occur.
They rely on direct diffusion to supply their cells with nutrients from their gut obtained from the surrounding water.
How is a cnidarians transport system efficient for it?
Diffusion is a slow process and thus they do not use up nutrients and gases or produce wastes very quickly like larger animals.
How does transport take place in Arthropods/molluscs?
They have open circulation, meaning the blood is not enclosed in blood vessels but instead flows in an open body cavity, bathing body cells directly.
How does transport occur in a grasshopper?
A long heart pumps blood into an open body cavity called the haemocoel. The blood in the haemocoel bathes the cells directly, they are not enclosed in vessels.
How does transport occur in a grasshopper?
A long heart pumps blood through the haemocoel
