TRANSPORT

Question 1

abnormally low number of circulating red blood cells

Answer 1

ANEMIA

Question 2

causes of anemia

Answer 2

• blood loss: bleeding
• hemolysis (destruction of rbc)
• impaired rbc production: lack of nutrients or bone marrow failure

Question 3

effects of anemia

Answer 3

• impaired oxygen transport
• reduction of rbc indices ans hemoglobin levels

Question 4

[ANEMIA]
- refers to cell

Answer 4

CYTIC

Question 5

indicates smaller than normal

Answer 5

MICROCYTIC

Question 6

indicates larger than normal

Answer 6

MACROCYTIC

Question 7

[ANEMIA]
- refers to color

Answer 7

CHROMIC

Question 8

gives the blood cell the red color

Answer 8

HEMOGLOBIN

Question 9

indicates less hemoglobin in RBC

Answer 9

HYPOCHROMIC

Question 10

premature destruction of RBC’s

Answer 10

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

Question 11

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
retention of __

Answer 11

IRON

Question 12

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
compensatory increase in ___

Answer 12

ERYTHROPOIESIS

Question 13

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
normal blood cells

Answer 13

NORMOCYTIC

Question 14

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
normal color indicating hemoglobin content is normal

Answer 14

NORMOCHROMIC

Question 15

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
Give the signs and symptoms of hemolytic anemia

Answer 15

• fatigue
• dyspnea
• tachycardia
• may increase in unconjugated bilirubin = mild jaundice

Question 16

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
destruction takes place in the spleen

Answer 16

EXTRAVASCULAR

Question 17

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
- often associated with faulty heart valves
- hemoglobin binds to plasma proteins

Answer 17

INTRAVASCULAR

Question 18

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
if too much hemoglobin in the blood:
- free hemoglobin in the blood
- makes plasma turn red

Answer 18

HEMOGLOBINEMIA

Question 19

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
- excreted in urine
- make urine darker in color

Answer 19

HEMOGLOBINURIA

Question 20

TYPES OF HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
- hereditary spherocytosis ( affects rbc membrane making in a sphere)
- acquired hemolytic anemias (immune associated)

Answer 20

MEMBRANE DISORDERS

Question 21

TYPES OF HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
- affect hemoglobin
- sickle cell anemia
- thalassemia (faulty hemoglobin synthesis)
*Alpha, Beta

Answer 21

HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES

Question 22

TYPES OF HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
- lifelong genetic disorder that causes rbc to break down when exposed to certain foods, medicines, or chemicals (triggers)

Answer 22

GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY (G6PD)

Question 23

• results in a reduction of all three hematopoietic cell lines: rbc, wbc, platelets

Answer 23

APLASTIC ANEMIA

Question 24

APLASTIC ANEMIA
onset may be insidious or ___ and ___

Answer 24

VERY ACUTE AND SEVERE

Question 25

APLASTIC ANEMIA __ in number of neutrophils __ susceptibility to infection

Answer 25

decreased, increases

Question 26

APLASTIC ANEMIA causes:

Answer 26

- exposure to high doses of radiation, chemicals, and toxins that suppress hematopoiesis (formation of blood cellular components)

Question 27

- is a major cause of B12 deficiency - marcocytic — normochromic (megaloblastic)

Answer 27

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA (B12 ANEMIA)

Question 28

Treatment of Pernicious Anemia

Answer 28

Lifelong IM injections of Vitamin B12

Question 29

is a form of chronic gastritis that results in the gradual loss of gastric glandular cells

Answer 29

ATROPHIC GASTRITIS

Question 30

is essential for synthesis of DNA

Answer 30

B12

Question 31

is required for dna synthesis and rbc maturation

Answer 31

FOLIC ACID

Question 32

ETIOLOGY - inadequate intake - increased demand - folate antagonist chemotherapy - malabsorption syndromes

Answer 32

FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

Question 33

body uses iron to make hemoglobin

Answer 33

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

Question 34

causes of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 34

- dietary deficiency - chronic blood loss - increased demands during growth periods

Question 35

- chronic hemolytic anemia - inherited disorder - blood cells form an elongated shape and may adhere to vessel walls

Answer 35

SICKLE CELL DISEASE

Question 36

- causes by a mutation in the beta chain of hemoglobin (HbS)

Answer 36

SICKLE CELL DISEASE

Question 37

when hemoglobin is __ it forms the “sickle” shape

Answer 37

DEOXYGENATED

Question 38

SICKLE CELL MECHANISM a person with ONE mutated gene (heterozygous = from mom/dad) __ of the beta chains are HbS proteins. - considered a __

Answer 38

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE TRAIT 40% carrier

Question 39

SICKLE CELL MECHANISM if BOTH genes are sickle cell (homozygous = from mom and dad) __% - __% much more severe

Answer 39

80% - 95%

Question 40

HbS is sensitive to changes in the oxygen content of RBCs ___ causes sickling

Answer 40

LOW O2

Question 41

sickle shape — clumping — obstruction of microcirculation — ______

Answer 41

TISSUE HYPOXIA

Question 42

sickling is initiallt reversible with ____

Answer 42

OXYGENATION

Question 43

FETAL HEMOGLOBIN HAS _____

Answer 43

NO BETA CHAINS

Question 44

FETAL HEMOGLOBIN HAS __ & __

Answer 44

ALPHA CHAINS AND GAMMA CHAINS

Question 45

this means it cannot sickle

Answer 45

FETAL HEMOGLOBIN

Question 46

body does not make enough normal hemoglobin

Answer 46

THALASSEMIA

Question 47

2 TYPES OF ALPHA THALASSEMIA - hemoglobin bart hydrops fetalis syndrome

Answer 47

MORE SEVERE

Question 48

2 TYPES OF ALPHA THALASSEMIA HbH disease

Answer 48

MILDER

Question 49

THALASSEMIA - 1- 4 defective genes - affects both fetal and adult hemoglobin - in fetus, gamma4 Hb may form in adult, beta4 Hb may form

Answer 49

ALPHA

Question 50

THALASSEMIA - >100 different mutations - affects only adult hemoglobin - Alpha4 Hb may form

Answer 50

BETA