transport

Question 1

what is active transport

Answer 1

-movement of molecules up a concentration gradient

-molecules attach to the specific protein carrier

-ATP attaches to the carrier

Question 2

what is endo and exocytosis used for

Answer 2

-bulk transport/ moving large amounts in and out of the cell

-uses ATP

-molecules are too large for diffusion

Question 3

explain exocytosis

Answer 3

-vesicles containing the substances pinch off from the golgi and fuse with the plasma membrane = releasing the contents outside or insert into plasma membrane

-use ATP

Question 4

what are the two types of endocytosis

Answer 4

-phagocytosis - bulk transport of solid material into a cell using a vesicle

-pinocytosis - bulk intake of liquid

-cells surround a substance with a section of its plasma membrane creating a cavity = invagination

-membrane forms vesicles and moves in

Question 5

what is osmosis

Answer 5

-a movement of water from an area of high water potential to low water potential through a partially permeable membrane

-water moves from negative to more negative

Question 6

what is an isotonic solution

how does it affect plant and animal cells

Answer 6

the solution has the same water potential as the cell

cells stay the same

Question 7

what is a hypotonic solution

how does it affect plant and animal cells

Answer 7

solution has a higher water potential than cell so net movement of water into cell

-animal cells burst
-plant cells become more turgid/ swell

Question 8

what is a hypertonic solution

how does it affect plant and animal cells

Answer 8

-solution has a lower water potential than cell so net movement of water out of cell into solution

-animal cell shrivel up
-plant cells- cytoplasm and membranes move away from cell wall = becomes flaccid/ limp = plasmolysis