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Transport Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What two types of transport are down their electrochemical gradients?

A

Simple and facilitated Diffusion

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2
Q

True/False: Simple diffusion requires no use of energy.

A

True

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3
Q

True/False: Facilitated diffusion requires the use of energy.

A

False

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4
Q

What two types of transport are against their electrochemical gradients?

A

Primary Active Transport and Secondary Active Transport

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5
Q

True/False: Primary active transport uses energy directly.

A

True

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6
Q

True/False: Secondary active transport uses energy directly.

A

False, it uses it indirectly.

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7
Q

Describe simple diffusion.

A

Occurs by open channels w/o carriers needed

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8
Q

Describe facilitated diffusion.

A

Occurs by use of membrane carrier

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9
Q

Which type of diffusion will become saturated and level off at high concentrations?

A

Facilitated diffusion

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10
Q

Describe Primary Active Transport.

A

One or more solutes is moved against gradient (from low [] to high []) by use of ATP.

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11
Q

Name a few examples of PAT.

A

Na+ K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase, and H+ K+ pump

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12
Q

In summary, what is the transport of the Na+ K+ pump?

A

Pumps 3 Na+ ions out and 2 K+ ions in

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13
Q

In summary, what is the transport of the Ca2+ pump?

A

One cation of Ca2+ is extruded for each ATP hydrolyzed.

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14
Q

In summary, what is the transport of the H+ K+ pump?

A

Pumps H+ from ICF to lumen of stomach

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15
Q

What medication causes an inhibition of the H+ K+ pump?

A

Omeprazole

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16
Q

Describe Secondary Active Transport.

A

Two or more solutes are coupled (one is usually Na+) one goes down its gradient and other goes against its gradient, indirectly utilizing ATP.

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17
Q

Name an example of SAT.

A

SGLT1 (glucose)

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18
Q

What are the two types of SAT?

A

Symport and Antiport

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19
Q

Which of the two types of SAT transports both solutes in the same direction? Opposite?

A

Symport, Antiport

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20
Q

What medication inhibits SAT?

A

Oubain

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21
Q

Transport across membranes causes flux, what is another term for this?

A

Net diffusion (J)

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22
Q

What is net diffusion?

A

Movement of particles from high concentration to low until equilibrium is achieved

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23
Q

What five things effect net diffusion?

Study These Flashcards
A

Concentration gradient, partition coefficient, diffusion coefficient, thickness of membrane, and surface area.

24
Q

Of these five properties, which ones effect the permeability of a membrane?

Study These Flashcards
A

Partition coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and thickness of membrane

25
What is the concentration gradient?
The difference between the solutions (the greater the difference, the greater the net diffusion
26
What is the partition coefficient?
Solubility of a solute in oil vs water
27
What is the diffusion coefficient?
Inversely correlates 2/ the radius and viscosity. (small solutes in nonviscous solutions are greater.)
28
What is true for the thickness of a membrane?
Thicker = greater distance the solute must diffuse across
29
Ultimately, what is the formula of net diffusion/flux?
J = permeabilityXSurface area(Concentration Gradient)
30
What happens to the flux if a solution is doubled?
Tripled: Subtract the difference from the new quantity and see how much more it is than before.
31
What is the flow of water across a membrane because of a pressure difference?
Osmosis
32
What is the difference between osmolarity and osmolality?
Concentration of active particles per liter but osmolality is per kg of water
33
What is the formula for osmotic pressure?
Number of particles X concentration x reflection coefficient X Gas constant (0.082L) x Absolute Temp (K)
34
What is the range of reflection coefficients?
0-1
35
What is the meaning of a zero reflection coefficient?
It is freely permeable
36
What is the meaning of a 1.0 reflection coefficient?
Impermeable
37
A solution with a higher osmotic pressure is what?
Hypertonic
38
A solution with a lower osmotic pressure is what?
Hypotonic
39
Placing a cell in a Hypotonic solution will cause what to happen to a cell?
Swelling (and possibly bursting/lysis)
40
Placing a cell in a Hypertonic solution will cause what to happen to a cell?
Shrink
41
Give an example of facilitated diffusion.
GLUT4 transporter of D-glucose
42
What is the class of drugs that inhibits Na+K+ ATPase?
Cardiac glycosides
43
What are the two examples of cardiac glycosides?
Oubain and digitalis
44
What are the five factors that Flux/ Flow for nonelectrolytes depends on?
1. Concentration Gradient 2. Partition Coefficient 3. Diffusion Coefficient 4. Thickness of the membrane 5. Surface area
45
What are the extra two factors that flux of electrolytes depends on?
Potential difference and Diffusion potential
46
What factors calculate permeability?
Partition coefficient, diffusion coefficient, thickness of membrane
47
What is the partition coefficient?
Concentration in oil/water
48
What is the diffusion coefficient?
partition coefficient x absolute temp/ 6pirXviscosity
49
What is it called when two solutions have equal osmolarity?
Isosmotic
50
What is the term given to a solution with a higher osmolarity over another?
Hyperosmotic
51
What is the term given to a solution with a lower osmolarity over another?
Hyposmotic
52
What is the term meaning when two solutions have the same osmotic pressure?
Isotonic
53
What is the term given to a transport that creates an electrical difference?
Electrogenic
54
What is the state during the Na+K+ ATPase transport in which the binding sites for Na+ and K+ face the ICF and the enzyme has a high affinity for Na+?
E1
55
What is the state during the Na+K+ ATPase transport in which the binding sites face the ECF and the enzyme has a high affinity for K+?
E2
56
What are the three types of transport proteins (mechanisms)?
Pores, Channels, Carriers
57
What are the usual ions that symport with Na+?
Glucose, K, amino acids, Cl-

Physiology (11 decks)

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