Transport and Circulation in Animals

Question 1

the movement of food, water, and oxygen to different parts of the
body. It consists of a circulatory system and excretory system.

Answer 1

Transportation in animals

Question 2

Blood is pumped through two (2)
types of blood vessels, namely
_________ and ________.

Answer 2

arteries and veins

Question 3

carry oxygenated blood
from the heart

Answer 3

arteries

Question 4

carry carbon dioxide infused
blood (deoxygenated)

Answer 4

veins

Question 5

Deoxygenated
blood pumps from _____ to ____.

Answer 5

right to left

Question 6

two (2) types of circulation

Answer 6

Single Circulation
Double Circulation

Question 7

blood passes
through the heart once.

Answer 7

Single Circulation

Question 8

blood passes
through the heart twice

Answer 8

Double Circulation

Question 9

pump blood into a hemocel with the blood diffusing back to the
circulatory systems

Answer 9

Open Circulatory System

Question 10

blood is pumped through
the vessel and does not fill in body
cavities

Answer 10

Closed Circulatory System

Question 11

an example of a mammalian heart that is a hollow muscular organ about the size of a clenched fist and shaped like an inverted cone

Answer 11

human heart

Question 12

Where does the heart lies?

Answer 12

thoracic cavity protected by the sternum

Question 13

The heart wall consists of _______, which is a specialized muscle unique to the heart.

Answer 13

cardiac muscle

Question 14

consist of interlaced criss-cross muscle fibers which play an important role in the cardiac cycle

Answer 14

cardiac muscle

Question 15

two-layered membranous sac that surrounds the heart

Answer 15

pericardium

Question 16

prevents the heart from being overstretched due to overfill of blood

Answer 16

non-elastic nature of the pericardium

Question 17

four chambers of the heart

Answer 17

left atrium
right atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle

Question 18

supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscles through the many capillaries

Answer 18

coronary arteries/artery

Question 19

collect deoxygenated blood to be drained into the right atrium

Answer 19

coronary veins

Question 20

controls the direction of blood flow in the heart

Answer 20

valve

Question 21

a very thin but fibrous tissue that prevents valve from inverting into the atria

Answer 21

chordae tendineae

Question 22

prevent backflow of blood in the right side

Answer 22

tricuspid valve

Question 23

prevent backflow of blood in the left side

Answer 23

bicuspid/mitral valve

Question 24

prevent backflow of blood in the pulmonary artery and aorta

Answer 24

semilunar valve

Question 25

each cycle of contraction and relaxation of the heart

Answer 25

one beat of the heart

Question 26

contraction action of the heart muscle

Answer 26

systole

Question 27

pause (relaxation)

Answer 27

diastole

Question 28

responsible for the initiation of the heartbeat and the control of its rate (the pacemaker)

Answer 28

sinoatrial node (SAN)

Question 29

function is controlled by a stimuli in cardiac muscle

Answer 29

myogenic

Question 30

divides the heart into two (2) sides

Answer 30

septum

Question 31

three types of blood vessel

Answer 31

arteries veins capillaries

Question 32

Tiny tubes that carry blood from the arteries to the body’s cells, and then back to the veins.

Answer 32

capillaries

Question 33

sound of tricuspid and mitral valves closing

Answer 33

lub

Question 34

sound of pulmonary and aortic valves closing

Answer 34

dub

Question 35

composition of blood

Answer 35

plasma white blood cell (WBC) red blood cell (RBC) platelets

Question 36

two patterns of circulation

Answer 36

pulmonary circuit systemic circuit

Question 37

normal heart rate in humans

Answer 37

70 bpm, each beat lasting 0.85 seconds

Question 38

stimulates and controls the contraction of the cardiac muscle

Answer 38

Nodal Tissues

Question 39

fights disease or foreign invaders

Answer 39

white blood cells

Question 40

aids in blood clotting and the repair of damaged blood vessels

Answer 40

platelets

Question 40

factors affecting heart rate

Answer 40

change in pH temperature Body size Gender Age Physical activity Stress State of health Medication and drugs Environmental factors Smoking and alcohol

Question 41

detects the drop in blood pH

Answer 41

chemoreceptors

Question 42

present in tea and coffee and can affect heart rate

Answer 42

caffeine

Question 43

normal pH of the blood

Answer 43

7.4

Question 44

excessive salt in the diet that can cause hypertension

Answer 44

arteriosclerosis

Question 45

caused by deposition of fats or cholesterol on the walls of arteries causing the artery to become narrow and the wall to harden; thereby losing its elasticity

Answer 45

arteriosclerosis

Question 46

happens when a region of heart muscle may not get enough oxygen when the oxygen demand of the heart muscle increases for example during physical activity

Answer 46

angina (angina pectoris)

Question 47

usually occurs as a results of a blood clot forming in a coronary artery and cutting of blood supply

Answer 47

myocardial infarction