Transport In Animals

Question 1

What is the role of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

The circulatory system is an organ system that transports blood around the body.

Question 2

What are the components of the circulatory system?

Answer 2

The components include blood vessels, a pump, and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood.

Question 3

How does the circulatory system in fish differ from that in mammals?

Answer 3

Fish have a two-chambered heart and a single circulation, meaning blood passes through the heart once for each circuit of the body.

Question 4

How does the circulatory system in mammals function?

Answer 4

Mammals have a four-chambered heart and a double circulation, meaning blood passes through the heart twice for each circuit of the body.

Question 5

What is the function of the right side of the mammalian heart?

Answer 5

The right side receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs.

Question 6

What is the function of the left side of the mammalian heart?

Answer 6

The left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body.

Question 7

What separates the two sides of the heart?

Answer 7

The two sides of the heart are separated by a muscle wall called the septum.

Question 8

What is the role of coronary arteries?

Answer 8

Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle, delivering oxygen and nutrients.

Question 9

What happens if a coronary artery is blocked?

Answer 9

Blockage can lead to restricted blood flow, causing angina or a heart attack.

Question 10

What are some ways to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease?

Answer 10

Quit smoking, reduce animal fats in diet, eat more fruits and vegetables, and exercise regularly.

Question 11

What is the function of heart valves?

Answer 11

Valves prevent blood from flowing backwards.

Question 12

What are the two sets of valves in the heart?

Answer 12

The atrioventricular valves and the semilunar valves.

Question 13

What do arteries do?

Answer 13

Arteries carry blood away from the heart at high pressure and transport oxygenated blood.

Question 14

What do veins do?

Answer 14

Veins carry blood towards the heart at low pressure and transport deoxygenated blood.

Question 15

What are capillaries?

Answer 15

Capillaries are blood vessels that carry blood to the cells of the tissues.

Question 16

What is the function of plasma in blood?

Answer 16

Plasma transports carbon dioxide, nutrients, urea, mineral ions, hormones, and heat energy.

Question 17

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 17

Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to cells for aerobic respiration.

Question 18

What is the role of white blood cells?

Answer 18

White blood cells defend the body against infection by pathogens.

Question 19

What do platelets do?

Answer 19

Platelets help the blood to clot.

Question 20

What are platelets?

Answer 20

Platelets are fragments of cells involved in blood clotting and forming scabs where the skin has been cut or punctured.

Question 21

What is the purpose of blood clotting?

Answer 21

Blood clotting prevents continued or significant blood loss from wounds.

Question 22

What is the function of scab formation?

Answer 22

Scab formation seals the wound with an insoluble patch that prevents entry of microorganisms that could cause infection.

Question 23

How long does a scab remain in place?

Answer 23

A scab remains in place until new skin has grown underneath it, sealing the skin again.

Question 24

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 24

Phagocytosis is the process by which phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens.

Question 25

How do phagocytes detect pathogens?

Answer 25

Phagocytes have a sensitive cell surface membrane that can detect chemicals produced by pathogenic cells.

Question 26

What happens when phagocytes encounter a pathogenic cell?

Answer 26

They will engulf it and release digestive enzymes to digest it.

Question 27

How can phagocytes be recognized under a microscope?

Answer 27

Phagocytes can be easily recognized by their multi-lobed nucleus and granular cytoplasm.

Question 28

What do lymphocytes produce?

Answer 28

Lymphocytes produce antibodies to destroy pathogenic cells and antitoxins to neutralise toxins released by pathogens.

Question 29

How can lymphocytes be recognized under a microscope?

Answer 29

Lymphocytes can be recognized by their large round nucleus which takes up nearly the whole cell and their clear, non-granular cytoplasm.

Question 30

What happens when the skin is broken?

Answer 30

When the skin is broken, platelets arrive to stop the bleeding.

Question 31

What occurs within the blood plasma after a wound?

Answer 31

A series of reactions occur within the blood plasma.

Question 32

What do platelets release during clotting?

Answer 32

Platelets release chemicals that cause soluble fibrinogen proteins to convert into insoluble fibrin.

Question 33

What forms across the wound during clotting?

Answer 33

An insoluble mesh forms across the wound, trapping red blood cells and therefore forming a clot.

Question 34

What happens to the clot after it forms?

Answer 34

The clot eventually dries and develops into a scab to protect the wound from bacteria entering.