Transport in Animals Flashcards
(26 cards)
Why do waste products like CO2 and urea need to be removed from the body?
To prevent them building up and becoming toxic.
What are the three main factors that influence the need for a transport system?
Size
SA:V
Level of metabolic activity
What two things does the body need to grow and survive?
Oxygen
Nutrients
Explain briefly why very small animals do not have a need for a transport system.
All their cells are surrounded by or very close to the environment in which they live so diffusion can happen effectively enough to supply enough oven and nutrients to keep it alive.
Increasing the diffusion distance (for example by adding more cells) will cause what?
Diffusion alone to be too slow to supply all of the organisms requirements.
Define what transport is.
The movement of substances such as oxygen, nutrients, waste and air around the body.
Small organisms have a ….. SA:V
Large
Explain how the SA:V is affected the larger an organism gets and what affect this will have for the organism.
The larger the organism, the smaller the SA:V- the less able it is to supply all of its cells with oxygen and nutrients so there will be a higher need for a transport system.
Explain the process in the body that requires oxygen.
Releasing energy from food by aerobic respiration.
Explain how the level of metabolic activity of an organism will affect the need for a transport system.
The cells need more supplies of oxygen and nutrients the more active an organism is to supply the energy for movement.
List the five things that an effective transport system will have.
- tubes or vessels to carry blood by mass flow
- two circuits- one to pick up O2 and other to deliver it to tissues
- exchange surfaces: let substances enter or leave blood (capillaries)
- pump to create pressure to push fluid around the body (heart)
- fluid or medium to carry nutrients, O2 and waste around the body (blood)
Define what the single circulatory system is.
The blood flows once through the heart for each circulation of the body.
In what organisms are single circulatory systems commonly found?
Fish
Explain the route of the blood in the single circulatory system of fish
Heart
Gills
Body
Heart
What are two disadvantages of the single circulatory system of fish?
It creates a low blood pressure so the blood is transported very slowly around the body and there is a limited rate of O2 and nutrient delivery and CO2 and urea removal.
Explain what happens along the dishes single circulatory system for blood briefly.
The blood pressure drops as the blood passes through the tiny capillaries of the gills. Low BP as the blood flows towards the body very slowly. The rate at which O2 and nutrients is delivered to respiring tissues is limited, as well as the rate of CO2 and urea removal.
Describe what the bounce circulatory system is.
One in which the blood flows through the heart twice for each circulation of the body.
Explain how fish can get away with only having a single circulatory systems and animals can’t.
Fish aren’t as metabolically active as mammals as they don’t maintain their own body temperature- so they need less energy and the single system delivers enough oxygen and nutrients for their needs.
What is pulmonary circulation?
In the DCS- the circuit that carried blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
What is systematic circulation?
In the double CS- carries the oxygen and nutrients around the body to the tissues.
What is the route of the blood in mammal’s double circulatory system?
Heart Body Heart Lungs Heart
How can the blood be made to flow quicker around the body?
Additional pressure created by the heart.
Compare the pressures that blood is carried at in pulmonary and circulatory circulation of the double circulatory system.
The systematic (oxygen and nutrients to tissues) circulation cartridge blood at higher pressure than the pulmonary (blood carried to lungs to be oxygenated) circulation.
The increased pressure of the blood in systematic circulation means what?
The blood flows to the body quicker and more efficiently.
