Transport In Mammals

Question 1

What is the pressure in the aorta

Answer 1

120Hg / 16kPa

Question 2

What is the diameter and thickness of the aorta

Answer 2

2.5 cm and 2mm

Question 3

What is the inner , middle , outer layer of a vessel called

Answer 3

Tunica interna , tunica midia , tunica externa

Question 4

What is the blood composed off ?

Answer 4

Plasma, blood cells, platelets

Question 5

What is the composition of plasma

Answer 5

Water , nutrients , gases , minerals salts, antibodies , hormones , enzymes

Question 6

What part of a blood vessel is endothelium

Answer 6

Tunica interna

Question 7

Characteristics of a artery

Answer 7

Thin lumen , thick walls

Question 8

What part is the the epithelium of a blood vessel

Answer 8

The internal lumens tunica externa but is a part of a blood vessels tunica interna

Question 9

What are smooth muscles ?

Answer 9

A type of muscle that can contract steadily over long periods of time

Question 10

What are elastic arteries ?

Answer 10

Relatively large arteries, which have a lot of elastic tissue and little muscle tissue in their walls

Question 11

What are muscular arteries ?

Answer 11

Arteries that are closer to the organs than elastic arteries have more smooth muscles in their walls which allow them to constrict and dilate

Question 12

What are semi lunar valves ?

Answer 12

A half moon shaped valve such as the ones in the veins and between the ventricles and arteries and stop the blood in veins from going backwards into the organs

Question 13

What are capillaries made off ?

Answer 13

Endothelium

Question 14

Difference between arteries and vein’s tunica externa

Answer 14

Outer layer in arteries has elastic fibres and college while in veins have mostly collagen fibres

Question 15

Difference between arteries and vein’s tunica midia ?

Answer 15

Middle layer is thinner in veins then in arteries but both have elastic fibres , smooth muscles and arteries also have collagen fibres

Question 16

Why are capillaries almost the same size of the red blood cells ?

Answer 16

To allow for better diffusion as the less the distance between surfaces the faster and smoother the rate of diffusion

Question 17

What is plasma ?

Answer 17

The liquid component of blood in which the blood cells float it carriers a very large range of different substances in solution

Question 18

What are plasma proteins ?

Answer 18

A range of several different proteins dissolved in the blood plasma, each with their own function many of them are made in the liver

Question 19

Describe the function and characteristics of tissue fluid ?

Answer 19

The almost Colorless fluid that fills the spaces between body cells it forms from fluid that leaks from blood capillaries

Question 20

Name three organs that don’t have any capillaries in them.

Answer 20

Brain, cartalige , cornea

Question 21

What are the two different types of plasma ?

Answer 21

Blood plasma and tissue fluid

Question 22

What is the composition difference between blood plasma and tissue fluid ?

Answer 22

Blood plasma has more proteins in it that tissue fluid although white blood cells are able to pass through.

Question 23

What is the function of the artrioles in reducing pressure for the capillaries?

Answer 23

To prevent an oedema which is when to much blood plasma enters the tissue fluid due to the high pressure in the capillaries

Question 24

Describe three ways in which plasma and tissue fluid are different ?

Answer 24

Plasma has more proteins
Plasma can dissolve in CO2
Plasma has more dissolved oxygen

Question 25

Characteristic of R.B.C ?

Answer 25

Biconcave 7.4 um Flexible Life span of 3 months No nucleus No mitochondria

Question 26

What are the functions of blood ?

Answer 26

Transport of nutrient / waste Temperature control ( vasoconstriction and vasodilation)

Question 27

Describe haemoglobin ?

Answer 27

4 polypeptides joined together with 4 prosthetic R groups to bond with oxygen molecules. The inside of the haemoglobin is hydrophobic while the outside is hydrophilic.

Question 28

What are the two types of white blood cells

Answer 28

Phagocytes and lymphocytes

Question 29

What are the two types of phagocytes? And what are their functions?

Answer 29

The two types of phagocytes are neutrophil that are found in the tissue fluid while while the other is monocytes that develop into macrophages that work in the organs

Question 30

What are the structural differences between phagocytes and lymphocytes?

Answer 30

The phagocytes have a smaller nucleus and some have an irregular nucleus shapes to allow for more space to cover antigens and have granular cytoplasm while lymphocytes have about 90 percent of there cytoplasm occupied by the nucleus so it can make antibodies

Question 31

Why is there is a steep incline in the dissociation curve ?

Answer 31

As the first oxygen joins with the iron in haemoglobin it makes space for the remaining molecules to enter and makes it easier thus making the absorption of oxygen quicker and making the graph streper

Question 32

What is the formula of oxygen bonding with haemoglobin?

Answer 32

Hb+ 4O2 = HbO8