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Biology > Transport in Plants and Animals > Flashcards

Transport in Plants and Animals Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Why do phloem have seiv plates?

A

Allows sugar to move from one cell to the next

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2
Q

What gives red blood cells their large surface area

A

Their bioconcave shape

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3
Q

What lets red blood cells carry oxygen around the body

A

Haemoglobin

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4
Q

What can stem cells be used for

A

To grow replacement organs
Repair damaged heart tissue
Grow new skin cells for a skin graft

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5
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Carry electrical impulses from sense organs to the CNS

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6
Q

Inter neurons

A

Carry eletrical impulses front sensory neurons to motor neuron- only found in the CNS

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7
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry electrical impulses from CNS to mucle or gland (effector)

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8
Q

Synapses

A

A synaps occurs between neurons

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9
Q

What is pollination

A

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma

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10
Q

Parts of a flower are

A 
The stigma 
Anther
Petal
Filament 
Sepal
Ovule
Style
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11
Q

What are the stages of mitosis

A

Chromosomes are replicating
Chromosomes shorten and thicken
Chromosomes line up at the equator and spindle fibers attach at the centromere
Chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
Nucleus reforms in each new daughter cell and cytoplasm divides

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12
Q

What does the cerebrum do

A

Concious thought memory and reasoning

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13
Q

What does the cerebellum do

A

Balance and muscular co-ordination

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14
Q

What does the medulla do

A

Controls heart and breathing rate

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15
Q

Genotype

A

Set of genes possessed by an organism

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16
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical appearance of an organism

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17
Q

Heterozygous

A

Possesing two different forms of genes

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18
Q

Homozygous

A

Possessing two identical forms of the gene

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19
Q

Dominant

A

Characteristics which are always expressed

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20
Q

Recessive

A

Characteristics which are masked by the dominant one

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21
Q

What does the xylem do

A

Absorb water from the roots and transport it to the leaves

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22
Q

What does lignin do

A

Keep the xylem vessels open and streanthen the plant

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23
Q

Arteries

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A

Have thick elastic muscular walls to withstand the high pressure of the blood traveling away from the heart

24
Q

Alveolus

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A

Are for gass exchange, they have a large surface area and a thin lining. They are next to a good blood supply and moist

25
Transpiration
``` Leaves lose water constantly through stoma pores It can be effected by Wind speed Temperature Humidity Light intensity ```
26
Stomata
Their function is to allow CO2 to enter the leaf for photosynthesis. They only need to be open during the day. The gaurd cells swell to open and shrink to close
27
Veins
Veins are under less pressure than arteries so have much thinner walls. To keep blood moving to the heart they use valves to prevent backflow
28
Capillaries
Are where materials are exchanged between blood and tissues. They're only one cell thick and allow diffusion to happen quickly and easily
29
What is the purpose of root hairs
Increases the surface area for maximum water uptake
30
Phloem
Transports glucose throughout the plant
31
Stomata
Tiny pores in the epidermis of the leaf. They can open and close and are controlled by guard cells. They allow gas exchange but also water loss
32
Transpiration
Loss of water through leaves. Mainly evaporates through the stomata
33
What can affect the rate of transpiration is effected by
Humidity, temperature, and surface area
34
Red blood cells carry
Oxygen, they have no nucleus
35
Why are red blood cells specialised?
Have a biconcave shape for an increased surface area
36
Where is haemoglobin found
Red blood cells
37
White blood cells.....
Are part of the immune system and destroy microorganisms called pathogens
38
Phagocytes...
Provide general protection against pathogens. Destroy them by phagocytosis
39
Phagocytosis is...
When the foreign particle is engulfed and then digested by enzymes
40
Lymphocytes
Produce proteins called antibodies which destroy pathogens Antibodies are specific to a particular pathogen They bind to pathogens which causes the pathogen to become inactive
41
The three types of blood vessels are
Arteries, capillaries and veins
42
How does blood flow
It circulates from the heart to the arteries to the capillaries to the veins and back to the heart
43
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart Thick muscular wall Narrow central channel Carry blood at h
44
Veins
Carry blood to the heart Thin muscular wall Wider central channel with valves Carry blood at low pressure
45
Capillaries
Form networks at tissue and organs Thin walls one cell thick Microscopic cavity Large surface area allows for efficient gas exchange with blood cells
46
What is the heart made up of
Four chambers , two upper arteries and two lower ventricles
47
Vena cara
Caries deoxygenated blood from body to heart
48
Pulmonary artery
Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
49
Pulmonary vein
Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
50
Aorta
Carries oxygenated blood from heart to all body parts
51
Aveola
Absorb oxygen and carbon dioxide through the thin walls from the capillaries
52
Small intestine
Nutrients from food are absorbed into the villi in the small intestine
53
Villi
The large number of thin walled villi provides a large surface area for absorption of materials Villi contain a network of capillaries to absorb glucose and amino acids and a lacteal to absorb fatty acids and glycerol
54
Fatty acids and glycerol
Fats are broken down into
55
Proteins are broken down into
Amino acids
56
Pathway of air in the lungs
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, Alveoli
57
Pathway of blood through the heart
Vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle. Pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

Biology (15 decks)

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