transport of carbon

Question 1

What are the 3 ways? CO2 is transported around the body.

Answer 1

1. 5% directly dissolved in plasma.
2. 10% combines with haemoglobin to form carbominohaemoglobin
3. 85% transported in form of hydrogen carbonate ions. HCO3-

Question 2

How is CO2 transported via hydrogen carbonate ions?

Answer 2

1. some CO2 enters red blood cells and combines with water, forming carbonic acid, catalysed bye carbonic anhydrase
2. Carbonic acid, dissociate, releasing hydrogen ions and hydrogen carbonate ions. (HCO3^-)
3. Hydrogen ions combine with haemoglobin forming haemoglobinic
   acid. = reduces affinity by distorting the haemoglobin molecule, so it releases more oxygen.
4. hydrogen carbonate ions buildup inside the red blood cells, causing them to diffuse out into the plasma. Leaving the membrane positively charged.
5. chloride ions diffuse into red blood cells from plasma to balance electrical charge as they are negative (chloride shift)

Question 3

what is the Bohr affect?

Answer 3

The effect of increasing CO2 on the affinity of haemoglobin for O2

Question 4

how does an increase in CO2 cause oxygen to be released from Oxyhaemoglobin?

Answer 4

when cells respire CO2 levels rise
CO2 forms carbonic acid in water which dissociate into H plus ions
These increase acidity, which affects tertiary structure of haemoglobin
This causes oxygen to be released from oxyhaemoglobin

Question 5

What effect does carbon dioxide have on the oxygen dissociation curve?

Answer 5

higher partial pressure of CO2 reduces affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen

The curve shifts to the right

Oxygen is more readily released from haemoglobin

Question 6

Outline the benefits of the boar shift to actively respiring tissue

Answer 6

respiring tissue need more oxygen for aerobic respiration

Bohr shift causes more oxygen to be released