Transport. Respiration. Excretion Flashcards
(21 cards)
Hemoglobin
reddish-brown pigment, which gives blood its color and carries oxygen
Myoglobin
a protein that stores oxygen in muscles
Cellular respiration
the oxidation of organic compounds that occurs within cells, producing energy in the form of ATP for cellular processes
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
‘energy currency’ in living things
Adenosine
a molecule consisting of an adenine and a ribose sugar
Aerobic respiration
the process of producing cellular energy involving oxygen.
ATP yield
total number of ATP molecules synthesised during respiration
Anabolism
complex molecules are synthesised from simple ones
Catabolism
complex molecules are degraded to simple ones
Glycolysis
splitting of glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules
Phosphorylation
addition of phosphoryl group during the reaction
Cristae
folds of inner membrane of mitochondria
ATP synthase
an enzyme responsible for ATP production
Matrix
fluid which fills the mitochondria
Krebs cycle
is a cycle of biochemical reactions, which produces CO2, NADH, FADH2 and ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation
is the reaction in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, by releasing energy which is used to produce ATP
Filtration
renal process whereby fluid in the blood is filtered across the capillaries of the glomerulus and into the urinary space of Bowman’s capsule
Reabsorption
renal process that returns filtered water and nearly all major nutrients to blood
Secretion
renal process that removes additional wastes from the blood and adds them to the filtrate
Dialysate
the liquid into which material passes by way of the membrane in dialysis.
Kidney transplant
a surgical procedure to remove a healthy, functioning kidney from a living or brain-dead donor and implant it into a patient with non-functioning kidneys
