transport systems in living things

Question 1

definition of diffusion

Answer 1

Movement of particles from a region of higher
concentration to a region of lower concentration (until equilibrium is reached).

Question 2

definition of osmosis

Answer 2

Net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane

(semi-permeable/ selectively permeable)

Question 3

how does a unicellular organism transport essential substances

Answer 3

• nutrients → undergo gaseous exchange by diffusion
• water → osmosis

Question 4

Why can’t a multicellular organism obtain its nutrients by diffusion and its water by osmosis alone?

Answer 4

oxygen would take a relatively longer time to reach all the cells of a multicellular organism which is not suitable for survival

Question 5

what does the xylem do

Answer 5

transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the rest of the plant

Question 6

what does the phloem do

Answer 6

transport sugars and amino acids from the leaves to the rest of the plant

Question 7

where is the phloem located

Answer 7

outside

Question 8

where is the xylem located

Answer 8

inside

Question 9

what is a stomata

Answer 9

small openings in the leaves through which diffusion can take place

Question 10

what is the gaseous exchange that happens

Answer 10

• oxygen from inside the leaf → outside
• carbon dioxide from ouside the leaf → inside

Question 11

how does the oxygen go out of the leaf

gaseous exchange

Answer 11

diffusion

Question 12

why does the oxygen diffuse from inside the leaf to outside

Answer 12

oxygen diffuses from inside the leaf where there is a higher concentration → outside the leaf where there is a lower concentration

Question 13

what is the process of the minerals being transported throughout the plant

Answer 13

1. dissolved mineral salts diffuse into the root cell
2. mineral salts diffuse into the xylem from the root cell
3. the mineral salts are transported to the rest of the plant via the xylem

Question 14

what is the process of the water being transported throughout the plant

Answer 14

1. water enters the root cell by osmosis
2. water moves across the roots from cell to cell by osmosis
3. water is transported to the rest of the plant via the xylem

Question 15

State the process that occurs at the stomata

Answer 15

diffusion

Question 16

what does blood carry

Answer 16

• oxygen
• glucose
• carbon dioxide
• water
• waste

around the body

Question 17

Osmosis and diffusion occur over

Answer 17

short distances at the cellular level

Question 18

A transport system is required to

Answer 18

transport substances over relatively larger distances

e.g. oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the cells in the body

Question 19

what are the different blood vessels

Answer 19

• arteries
• veins
• cappillaries

Question 20

what does the arteries do

Answer 20

• carry blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the rest of the body
• carry blood rich in digested food which is absorbed from the small intestine

Question 21

what does the veins do

Answer 21

• carry blood poor in oxygen to the heart
• carry blood rich in carbon dioxide and waste substances to the heart

Question 22

what does the capillaries do

Answer 22

• the site of exchange of substances
• transport carbon dioxide and waste substances away from the cells
• carry oxygen and digested food in the blood to the cells in the body

Question 23

the human body usually has

how much blood

Answer 23

5 liters of blood

Question 24

what is blood made up of

Answer 24

• red blood cells
• plasma
• white blood cells
• platelets

Question 25

what does the red blood cells do

Answer 25

transport oxygen to different parts of the body

Question 26

what does the plasma do

Answer 26

transport water and dissolved substances to different parts of the body

Question 27

what are some of the dissolved substances that the plasma carries

Answer 27

- digested food - mineral salts - waste substances

Question 28

what does the white blood cell and platelets do

Answer 28

protect | (protective function)

Question 29

what makes up 50% of blood

Answer 29

plasma

Question 30

what are the parts of the circulatory system

Answer 30

- heart - blood - blood vessels

Question 31

the concentration of oxygen in red blood cells ____ as the move through the capillary

Answer 31

decreases

Question 32

____ out of the capillary and into the cells into the body where they are needed

Answer 32

oxygen and digested food diffuses

Question 33

____ diffuse into the capillary and are transported away

Answer 33

carbon dioxide and waste produced by the cells in the body

Question 34

effects of drug abuse

Question 35

risks of smoking

Answer 35

- cancers - chronic diseases

Question 36

types of cancers

Answer 36

- head/neck - lung - leukemia - stomach - kidney - pancreas - colon - bladder - cervix

Question 37

types of chronic diseases

Answer 37

- stroke - blindness - gum infections - aortic rupture - heart disease - pneumonia - hardening of arteries - chronic lung disease and asthma - reduced fertility - hip fracture

Question 38

Explain how capillaries are adapted to allow for efficient exchange of substances

Answer 38

- they are found close to the body cells - they have very thin walls for the exchange of substances

Question 39

possible ethical considerations related to organ transplant

Answer 39

- whether the donor willingly donates his organs - whether the donor has been given full information about organ donation before the procedure - how to ensure fairness in terms of the allocation of organs for transplant