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TRAQ CERT > TRAQ cert > Flashcards

TRAQ cert Flashcards

1
Q

SCOPE OF WORK

A

THE DEFINED PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND REQUIREMENTS

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2
Q

THE OUTCOME OF AN EVENT

A

CONSEQUENCE

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3
Q

THE COMBINATION OF THE LIKELIHOOD OF AN EVENT AND THE SEVERITY OF THE POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES

A

RISK

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4
Q

PROCESS USED TO IDENTIFY, ANALYZE, AND EVALUATE TREE RISK

A

TREE RISK ASSESSMENT

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5
Q

THE CHANCE OF AN EVENT OCCURING ( I.e., FAILURE, IMPACT)

A

LIKELIHOOD

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6
Q

A MEASUREMENT USED TO ASSESS WETHER AN IDIVIDUAL ACTED IN A REASONABLE MANNER

A

STANDARD OF CARE

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7
Q

THE APPLICATION OF POLICIES, PROCEDURES, AND PRACTICES USED TO IDENTIFY, EVALUATE, MITIGATE, MONITOR, AND COMMUNICATE TREE RISK

A

TREE RISK MANAGMENT

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8
Q

FAILURE TO TAKE REASONABLE CARE TO AVOID INJURY OR DAMAGETO A PERSONOR PROPERTY IN A SITUATION WHERE THE LAW IMPOSES A DUTY OF CARE

A

BREACH OF DUTY OF CARE

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9
Q

LEGAL OBLIGATION THAT REQUIRES AN INDIVIDUAL TO APPLY REASONABLE ACTIONS WHEN PERFORMING TASKS THAT MAY HARM OTHERS

A

DUTY OF CARE

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10
Q

T/F

THE TREE RISK ASSESSOR DETERMINES THE ACCEPTABLE RISK THRESHOLD

A

FALSE

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11
Q

T/F
WHEN BALANCING TREE RISKS AND BENEFITS, IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THAT THE RISK TREES POSE TO HUMAN SAFETY IS EXTREMELY LOW

A

TRUE

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12
Q

T/F

A TREE RISK ASSESSOR IS FREE OF RISK WHILE INSPECTING TREES BECAUSE MITIGATION MEASURES HAVE YET TO BE TAKEN

A

FALSE

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13
Q

A PROCESS USING RATINGS OF CONSEQUENCES AND LIKLEHOOD TO DETERMINE RISK SIGNIFIGANCE LEVELS AND TO EVALUATE THE LEVEL OF RISK AGAINST QUALITATIVE CRITERIA

A

QUALITATIVE TREE RISK ASSESSMENT

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14
Q

A PROCESS TO ESTIMATE NUMERICAL PROBABILITY VALUES FOR CONSEQUENCES AND TO CALCULATE NUMERIC VALUES FOR RISK

A

QUANTATIVE TREE RISK ASSESSMENT

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15
Q

THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF RISK THAT DOES NOT EXCEEED THE OWNER/MANAGERS TOLERANCE

A

ACCEPTABLE RISK THRESHOLD

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16
Q

LEVEL 1 ASSESSMENT

A

LIMITED VISUAL ASSESSMENT

  • FOCUSES ON TREES WITH IMMINENET AND OR PROBABLE LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE
  • WALK BY
  • DRIVE BY
  • AERIAL PATROL
  • LIDAR
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17
Q

LEVEL 2 ASSESSMENT

A 
BASIC ASSESSMENT
DETAILED INSPECTION OF TREE AND SURROUNDING  SITE
USES
-BINOCULARS
-DIAMETER TAPE
-CLINOMETER
-MAGNIFYING GLASS
-MALLET
-PROBE
-DIGGING TOOLS
-COMPASS
-CAMERA
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18
Q

LEVEL 3 ASSESSMENT

A

ADVANCED ASSESSMENT
PERFORMED TO PRVIDE DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT TREE PARTS, DEFECTS, TARGETS, OR SITE CONDITIONS
SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT IS USUALLY REQUIRED

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19
Q

A LOAD TEST THAT MEASURES OUTERMOST FIBER STRAIN IN THE STEM OR BRANCHES, AND/OR INCLINATION AT THE ROOT FLARE, IN RESPONSETO A CONTROLLED PULL

A

STATIC PULL TEST

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20
Q

STRUCTURES, TREES, BRANCHES, OR OTHER FACTORS THAT WOULD PREVENT OR REDUCE HARM TO TARGETS IN THE EVENT OF A TREE FAILURE

A

PROTECTION FACTORS

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21
Q

PERSONAL INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE, OR DISRUPTION OF ACTIVITIES DUE TO THE FAILURE OF A TREE OR TREE PART.

A

CONSEQUENCE OF FAILURE

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22
Q

A TARGET THAT IS IN MOTION OR INTERMITTENTLY MOVING

A

MOBILE TARGET

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23
Q

AREA WHERE TREE OR TREE PART WOULD LAND IF TI WERE TO FAIL

A

TARGET ZONE

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24
Q

A TARGET THAT CAN BE RELOCATED

A

MOVABLE TARGET

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25
Q

A TARGET THAT CAN NOT BE EASILY RELOCATED SUCH AS A HOUSE

A

STATIC TARGET

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26
Q

THE MONETARY OR PERSONAL WORTH OF PEOPLE, PROPERTY OR ACTIVITIES

A

TARGET VALUE

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27
Q

THE AMOUNT OF TIME TARGETS ARE WITHIN THE TARGET ZONE

A

OCCUPANCY RATE

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28
Q

PEOPLE, PROPERTY, OR ACTIVITIES THAT COULD BE INJURED, DAMAGED, OR DISRUPTED BY A TREE FAILURE

A

TARGETS

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29
Q

THE LIKELIHOOD OF IMPACT IS ______ ______ IF THE CHANCE OF THE FAILED LITREE OR TREE PART IMPACTING THE SPECIFIED TARGET IS REMOTE.

A

VERY LOW

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30
Q

THE _________ ___ _________ IS HIGH IF THE FAILED TREE OR TREE PART IS LIKELY TO IMPACT THE TARGET

A

LIKELIHOOD OF IMPACT

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31
Q

THE CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE ARE ___________

IF THERE WILL BE NO PERSONAL INJURY, LOW VALUE PROPERTY DAMAGE, OR DISRUPTIONS THAT CAN BE REPLACED OR REPAIRED.

A

NEGLIGIBLE

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32
Q

TARGETS CAN BE __________ OR ___________ BASED ON IMPORTANCE OR VALUE, WHICH CAN BE USEFUL FOR MUNICIPALITIES MANAGING LARGE TREE POPULATIONS.

A

STARTIFIED ; PRIORITIZED

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33
Q

ON A PUBLIC ESTATE PROPERTY , IT MIGHT BE PRATICAL TO ________ ACCESS TO THE TARGET ZONE, IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE OCCUPANCY RATE OF PEOPLE

A

RESTRICT

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34
Q

BRANCHES LOW ON THE TRUNK CAN SLOW THE FALL OF BRANCHES FROM HIGHER IN THE CROWN AND SERVE AS __________ ___________ TO TARGETS BELOW.

A

PROTECTION FACTORS

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35
Q

THE LAND AND WATER FEATURES OF A AREA, INCLUDING CHANGES IN ELEVATION

A

TOPOGRAPHY

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36
Q

LAND DISTURBANCES

A

DISRUPTIONS TO A TERRESTIAL SITE, COMMUNITY, OR ECOSYSTEM THAT ALTER THE PHYSICAL ENVIROMENT

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37
Q

THE CHANCE OF A TREE OR TREE PART FAILURE OCCURING WITHIN THE SPECIFIED TIME FRAME

A

LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE

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38
Q

FORCE ON A TREE OR STRUCTURE RESULTING FROM THE IMPACT OF WIND

A

WIND LOAD

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39
Q

CONTACT WITH THE FORCES OF WIND, EITHER FULL, PARTIAL OR NONE

A

WIND EXPOSURE

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40
Q

BREAKAGE OF TREE OR TREE PARTS, OR LOSS OF MECHANICAL SUPPORT

A

FAILURE

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41
Q

COMPRESSION OF SOIL THAT BREAKS DOWN SOIL AGGREGRATES AND RDDUCES SOIL VOLUME AND TOTAL PORE SPACE

A

SOIL COMPACTION

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42
Q

TIME PERIOD FOR WHICH AN ASSESSMENT IS DEFINED

A

TIME FRAME

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43
Q

EXPOSED TO MORE WIND AND LIGHT THAN INTERIOR TREES

A

EDGE TREE

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44
Q

T/F

MOST TREE FAILURES OCCUR DURING NORMAL WEATHER

A

FALSE

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45
Q

T/F

A WIND ROSE GRAPH CAN BE USED TO MODEL REGIONAL OR LOCAL WIND PATTERNS

A

TRUE

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46
Q

T/F

TREES WITH LESS FOLIAGE HAVE MORE DRAG DUE TO THE WINDS DISRECT CONTATCT WITH MAJOR SCAFFOLD BRANCHES

A

FALSE

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47
Q

T/F

SHALLOW ROOT SYSTEMS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SATURATED SOILS OR OVER IRRIGATED LANDSCAPES

A

TRUE

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48
Q

T/F

IN GENERAL, TREES WITH A DEEP ROOT SYSTEMS ARE MORE PRONE TO FAILURE THAN THOSE WITH A SHALLOW ROOT SYSTEM

A

FALSE

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49
Q

T/F

A SOIL PROBE CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE SOIL DEPTH AND PENETRABILITY

A

TRUE

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50
Q

T/F
USUALLY, SOILS AT THE TOP OF A SLOPE WILL BE WELL DRAINED. AND THOSE AT THE BOTTOM OF A SLOPE WILL BE WETTER, POSSIBLY WATERLOGGED

A

TRUE

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51
Q

T/F
THE AMOUNT OF SOIL VOLUME NEEDED TO SUSTAIN AND SUPPORT A TREE DEPENDS ON TREE SPECIES, SIZE, SOIL CHARACTERISTICS, AND CLIMATE

A

TRUE

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52
Q

ALTHOUGH ___________ TREES MAY BE WELL ADAPTED TO THE PREVAILING WINDS AS A RESULT OF CONTINOUS WIND EXPOSURE, ___________ TREES THAT HAVE BEEN ABRUPTLY EXPOSED MAY HAVE A HIGHER LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE.

A

EDGE, INTERIOR

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53
Q

HEAVY EQUIPMENT CAN CAUSE SOIL ___________, OFTEN CRUSHING TREE ROOTS OR NEGATIVELY IMPACTING SOIL STRUCTURE

A

COMPACTION

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54
Q

AS A GENERAL RULE, IF ONE OR MORE LARGE __________ _________ HAVE BEEN SEVERED WITHIN A DISTANCE EQUAL TO THREE TIMES THE TRUNK DIAMETER, AN ASSESSOR SHOULD LOOK FOR NEW ROOT GROWTH OR ROOT DECAY TO ASSESS WHETHER THE TREE HAS SUFFICIENT SUPPORT

A

STRUCTURAL ROOTS

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55
Q

TREES ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO _____________ WHEN THE SOIL IS SATURATED, PARTICULARLY IF THE TREE IS SHALLOW ROOTED OR THE SOIL IS SHALLOW

A

WINDTHROW

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56
Q

CODIT

A

COMPARTMENTILIZATION OF DEACY IN TREES
NATURAL DEFENSE IN TREES BY WHICH CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL BOUNDARIES ARE CREATED THAT ACT TO LIMIT THE SPREAD OF DISEASE AND DEACY ORGANISMS

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57
Q

WALL 1

A
  • RESISTS THE SPREAD OF DECAY UP AND DOWN THE VASCULAR SYSTEM
  • PLUGS TRACHEIDS AND XYLEM VESSELS
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58
Q

WALL 2

A
  • RESISTS DECAY FROM MOVING RADIALLY TOWARD THE CENTER OF THE TREE
  • COMPOSED OF LATEWOOD CELLSIN EACH GROWING RING AND CHEMICALS PRODUCED BY LIVING CELLS IN THIS AREA
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59
Q

WALL 3

A
  • RESISTS DECAY FROM SPREADING FROM THE POINT OF INJURY AROUND THE TRUNK
  • CELLS IN THE RAYS CREATE CHEMICALS THAT ARE TOXIC TO DECAY ORGANISMS
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60
Q

WALL 4

A
  • PREVENTS DECAY FROM MOVING OUTWARD
  • NEW XYLEM DEVELOPS AFETR INJURY, PHYSICALLY SEPERATING OLD TISSUE FROM NEW TISSUE
  • ALSO CALLED THE BARRIER ZONE
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61
Q

DEFINITE INDICATORS OF DECAY

A
  • CAVITY OPENINGS, NESTING HOLES, BEE HIVES, ADN OTHER VOIDS OR OPENING TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE TREE
  • FUNGAL FRUITING STRUCTURES, SUCH AS MUSHROOMS, CONKS, OR BRACKETS, THAT ARE ATTACHED TO THE TREE
  • CARPENTER ANTS INHABITING OR EMERGING FROM DEFECT REGIONS
  • TERMITE EMERGENCE FROM INTERNAL NESTS/TUNNELS
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62
Q

POTENTIAL INDICATORS OF DECAY

A
  • THE PRESENCE OF OLD WOUNDS OR BRANCH STUBS THAT MAY HAVE ALLOWED DECAY FUNGI TO ENTER THE TREE
  • RESPONSE GROWTH PATTERNS, SUCH AS SWELLING, BULGES, OR RIDGES ON A TRUNK OR BRANCH
  • CRACKS OR SEAMS
  • OOZING THROUGH THE BARK
  • DEAD OR LOOSELY ATTACHED BARK, OR BARK WITH ABNORMAL PATTERS OR COLORS
  • SUNKEN AREAS IN THE BARK
  • TERMITE TRAILS
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63
Q

TENSION WOOD

A

REACTION WOOD IN BROADLEAVED TREES ( HARDWOODS) THAT FORMS ON UPPER SIDE OF BRANCHES

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64
Q

STRESS

A

A FORCE PER UNIT AREA

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65
Q

BROWN ROT

A

FUNGAL WOOD ROT CHARACTERIZED BY BREAKDOWN OF CELLULOSE

66
Q

SAPWOOD ROT

A

CHARACTERIZED BY NUMEROUS SMALL FRUITING BODIES ON TRUNK

67
Q

TORSION

A

THE ACTION OF TWISTING OR BEING TWISTED

68
Q

BARRIER ZONE

A

A CHEMICAL AND ANATOMICAL BARRIER FORMED BY THE CAMBIUM PRESENT AT THE TIME OF WOUNDING IN RESPONSE TO WOUNDING

69
Q

RESPONSE GROWTH

A

COMPRESSION WOOD, TENSION WOOD, FLEXURE WOOD, WOUNDWOOD

70
Q

CELLULOSE

A

PROVIDES FLEXIBILITY AND STRENTH IN CELL WALLS UNDER TENSION

71
Q

RETRENCHMENT

A

NATURAL PROCESS THAT BREAKS DOWN BOTH LIGNIN AND CELLULOSE

72
Q

COMPRESSION WOOD

A

REACTION WOOD IN GYMNOSPERMS, AND SOME ANGIOSPERMS, THAT DEVELOPS ON THE UNDERSIDE OS BRANCHES OR LEANING TRUNKSAND IS IMPORTANT IN LOAD BEARING

73
Q

WHITE ROT

A

FUNGAL DECAY THAT BREAKS DOWN BOTH LIGNIN AND CELLULOSE

74
Q

LIGNIN

A

SUBSTANCE IN CELL WALLS THAT ADDS STRENGTH UNDER COMPRESSION

75
Q

REACTION ZONE

A

NATRUAL BOUNDARY FORMED CHEMICALLY WITHIN A TREE TO SEPERATE DAMAGED WOOD FROM EXISTING HEALTHY WOOD

76
Q

T/F

COMPRESSION WOOD TYPICALLTY HAS SMALLER, THINNER CELLULOSE PIPES, WITH MORE LATEWOOD AND LIGNIN CONTENT

A

TRUE

77
Q

T/FFLEXURE WOOD MAY IMPACT THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRUNK TAPER AND BUTTRESS ROOTS

A

TRUE

78
Q

THE PRESENCE OF DECAY INDICATES THAT THE TREE IS LIKELY TO FAIL

A

FALSE

79
Q

DELIGNIFIED WOOD RETAINS ITS COMPRESSIBILITY, BUT LOSES ITS TENSILE STRENGTH

A

FALSE

80
Q

DEFINITE INDICATORSOF DECAY INCLUDE FUNGAL FRUITING STRUCTURES, CAVITY OPENINGS AND CARPENTER ANTS

A

TRUE

81
Q

A SPECIAL TYPE OF GROWTH THAT IS PRODUCED IN RESPONSE TO WIND LOADING IS CALLED _________ __________.

A

FLEXURE WOOD

82
Q

A TREE’S ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY _________ DECAY IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN ASSESSING STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE

A

COMPARTMENTALIZE

83
Q

SOME _________ INDICATORS OF DECAY INCLUDE CAVITY OPENINGS, NESTING HOLES, CONKS, AND MUSHROOMS. SOME __________ INDICATORS OF DECAY INCLUDE OOZING, CRACKS AND SUNKEN AREAS IN THE BARK.

A

DEFINITE, POTENTIAL

84
Q

TWO OF THE STRESSES WITHIN A TREE INCLUDE ____________, WHICH IS SQUEEZING A MATERIAL, AND ____________, WHICH IS STRETCHING OR PULLING A MATERIAL.

A

COMPRESSION , TENSION

85
Q

THE CROSS SECTIONAL STRENGTH FORMULA DOES NOT ACCOUNT FOR ______________ ON THE SHELL WALL, SO TALL TREES AND SHORT TREES ARE TREATED IDENTICALLY

A

LOAD

86
Q

WHEN ASSESSING LOAD, POTENTIAL __________ _________ ARE CANKERS, CRACKS, SHARP BENDS. AND OTHER FACTORS THAT CAN MAGNIFY STRESS

A

STRESS RAISERS

87
Q

LIVE CROWN RATIO

A

THE RATIO OF CROWN LENGTH TO TOTAL TREE HEIGHT

88
Q

SOFT ROT

A

DECAY OF PLANT TISSUES CHARACTERIZED BY THE BREAKDOWN OF TISSUES WITHIN CELL WALSS

89
Q

REACTION WOOD

A

WOOD FORMED IN LEANING OR CROOKED STEMS, OR ON UPPER OR LOWER SIDES OF BRANCHES AS A MEANS OF COUNTERACTING THE EFFECTS OF GRAVITY

90
Q

ADVENTITIOUS BRANCH

A

BRANCH ARISING WITHOUT ANT CONNECTION TO APICAL MERISTEMS

91
Q

TAPER

A

CHANGE IN DIAMETER OVER LENGTH OF TRUNKS, BRANCHES AND ROOTS

92
Q

LEAN

A

PREDOMINANT ANGLE OF THE TRUNK FROM VERTICAL

93
Q

BARK THAT BECOMES EMBEDDED IN A BRANCH UNION

A

INCLUDED BARK

94
Q

RIB

A

LONGITUDINAL BULGE OF RESPONSE WOOD GROWTH

95
Q

LOCALIZED DISEASED AREA, OFETN SHRUNKEN AND DISCOLORED

A

CANKER

96
Q

ROOT THAT ENCIRCLES ALL OR PART OF THE TREE TRUNK

A

GIRDLING ROOT

97
Q

FORMED WHERE TWO EDGES OF BARK MEET AT A CRACK OR WOUND

A

SEAM

98
Q

ANY CONDITION THAT REDUCES A TREES STRUCTURAL STRENGTH

A

DEFECT

99
Q

T/F
A POSSIBLE LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE MAY BE EXPECTED IN EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS, BUT IS UNLIKELY DURING NORMAL WEATHER CONDITIONS WITHIN THE SPECIFIED TIME FRAME.

A

TRUE

100
Q

T/F

EVEN IF THERE IS NO CRACKING OR OOZING, RIDGES WILL PROBABLY AFFECT THE LIKELYHOOD OF FAILURE.

A

FALSE

101
Q

T/F

CANKERS OCCUR WHEN STEMS OR BRANCHES ARE TORSIONALLY STRESSED

A

FALSE

102
Q

WHNE ASSESSING DECAY, IT IS IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER THE EXTENT OF DECAY, ITS STRUCTURAL IMPLICATIONS, AND THE AMOUNT OF __________ ____________.

A

RESPONSE GROWTH

103
Q

FLAT AREAS AT THE TRUNK FLARE MAT INDICATE MISSING OR GIRDLING ________, OR OBSTRCUTIONS SUCH AS ROCKS OR UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE.

A

ROOTS

104
Q

LARGER-THAN-NORMAL ROOT FLARE OR FUSED ROOTS AT THE BASE OF A TREE MAY INDICATE THE PRESENCE OF ____________ ___________.

A

BASAL DECAY
OR
ROOT DECAY

105
Q

ALL OTHER CONDITIONS BEING EQUAL, A TALLER TREE HAS THE SAME TRUNK DIAMETER AS A SHORTER TREE HAS ________ STRESS IN THE LOWER TRUNK, DUE TO LONGER _________ ________.

A

HIGHER

LEVER ARM

106
Q

A LOW ______ _________ _________ CAN BE A CONDITION OF CONCERN , ESPECIALLY IF THE TREE ORIGANALLY DEVELOPED IN FOREST CONDITIONS AND WAS RECENTLY EXPOSED TO HIGHER WIND CONDITIONS

A

LIVE CROWN RATIO

107
Q

IMMINENT

A

FAILURE HAS STARTED OR IS MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR IN THE NEAR FUTURE,

108
Q

PROBABLE

A

FAILURE MAY BE EXPECTED UNDER NORMAL WEATHER CONDITIONS WITHIN THE SPECIFIED TIME FRAME

109
Q

POSSIBLE

A

FAILURE MAY BE EXPECTED IN EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS, BUT IS UNLIKELY DURING NORMAL WEATHER CONDITIONS

110
Q

IMPROBABLE

A

THE TREE OR TREE PART IS NOT LIKELY TO FAIL DURING NORMAL WEATHER CONDITIONS AND MAY NOT FAIL IN EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS

111
Q

WHILE ASSESSING DEFECTS AND CONDITIONS, CONSIDER:

A
  • RESPONSE GROWTH
  • LOADS IMPACTING DEFECTS AND CONDITIONS
  • DECAY ( EXTENT-RATE-LOCATION)
  • DEFECTS IN COMBINATION
112
Q

TIME FRAME

A

PERIOD FOR WHICH THE ASSESSMENT IS DEFINED

113
Q

RISK TOLERANCE

A

THE DEGREE OS RISK THAT IS ACCEPTABLE TO THE TREE OWNER/MANAGER

114
Q

RISK PERCEPTION

A

THE SUBJECTIVE PERCIEVED LEVEL OF RISK FROM A SITUATION OR OBJECT, OFTEN DIFFERING FROM THE ACTUAL LEVEL OF RISK

115
Q

LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE

A

CHANCE OF A TREE FAILURE OCCURING WITHIN A SPECIFIED TIME FRAME

116
Q

RISK CATEGORIZATION

A

THE PROCESS OF ASSIGNING RISK AND RISK FACTORS TO CATEGORIES BASED ON SEVERITY AND HIERARCHY

117
Q

LIKELIHOOD OF IMPACT

A

CHANCE OF A TREE FAILURE IMPACTING A TARGET DURING THE SPECIFIED TIME FRAME

118
Q

OVERALL TREE RISK RATING

A

THE HIGHEST RISK DETERMINED FOR THE TREE AND TARGET OF CONCERN

119
Q

RISK EVALUATION

A

THE PROCESS OF COMPARING THE ASSESSED RISK AGAINST GIVEN RISK CRITERIA TO DETERMINE THE SIGNIFIGANCE OF THE RISK

120
Q

T/F
WHEN MORE THAN ONE DEFECT OR CONDITION IS PRESENT IN A TREE, THE DEFECTS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER CONDITIONS.

A

TRUE

121
Q

T/F
WHEN THERE ARE MULTIPLE LEVELS OF RISK WITHIN A TREE, IDENTIFY THE FAILURE MODE HAVING THE GREATEST RISK AND REPORT THAT AS THE OVERALL RISK RATING

A

TRUE

122
Q

HOW PEOPLE PERCIEVE RISK AND THEIR NEED FOR PERSONAL SAFETY IS INHERITANTLY SUBJECTIVE; THEREFORE, RISK TOLERANCE AND ACCEPTABLE RISK THRESHOLDS VARY AMONG TREE OWNERS/MANAGERS

A

TRUE

123
Q

COMBINE THE LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE AND IMPACT WITH THE EXPECTED CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE TO DETEMINE A RISK RATING USING THE __________ ____________ _____________.

A

RISK RATING MATRIX

124
Q

IF THE LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE IS PROBABLE, AND THE LIKELIHOOD OF IMPACTING THE TARGET IS HIGH, THE ESTIMATED LIKELIHOOD OF A FAILURE AND IMPACT IS ________________.

A

LIKELY

125
Q

IF THE LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE AND IMPACT IS VERY LIKELY, AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE ARE SIGNIFICANT, THE RISK RATING IS __________.

A

HIGH

126
Q

METAL BAR TO SUPPORT WEAK SECTION OR CROTCHES OF A TREE

A

BRACE ROD

127
Q

RISK REMAINING AFTER MITIGATION

A

RESIDUAL RISK

128
Q

MITIGATION ACTIONS AIMED AT REDUCING LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE

A

TREE-BASED ACTIONS

129
Q

REMOVING BRANCHES FROM A TREE, USING APPROVED PRATICES, TO ACHIEVE AN OBLECTIVE

A

PRUNING

130
Q

CHEMICALS APPLIED TO TREES THAT SLOW TERMINAL DEVELOPMENT

A

TREE GROWTH REGULATORS

131
Q

INSTALLATION OF STEEL OR SYNTHETIC CABLE TO SUPPORT WEAK BRANCHES OR BRANCH UNIONS

A

CABLING

132
Q

SUPPLEMENTAL SUPPORT BETWEEN A TREE AND AN EXTERNAL ANCHOR

A

GUY

133
Q

RIGID BRACE TO SUPPORT A TREE OR BRANCH FROM BELOW

A

PROP

134
Q

HARDWARE INSTALLED IN A TREE TO CONDUCT THE CHARGE OF A LIGHTING STRIKE TO THE GROUND

A

LIGHTNING PROTECTION

135
Q

MITIGATION ACTIONS AIMED AT REDUCING LIKELIHOOD OF IMPACT

A

TARGET BASED ACTIONS

136
Q

THE DEGREE OF RISK THAT IS ACCEPTABLE TO THE TREE OWNER/MANAGER

A

RISK TOLERANCE

137
Q

THE PROCESS FOR REDUCING RISK

A

MITIGATION

138
Q

THE RECOMMENDATIONS TO KEEP A TREE AND CONDUCT FOLLOW-UP ASSESSMENTS AFTER A STATED INSPECTION INTERVAL

A

RETAIN AND MONITOR

139
Q

T/F

MITIGATION MEASURES ARE TYPICALLY PRESENTED AS A SET OF OPTIONS TO THE TREE OWNER/MANAGER

A

TRUE

140
Q

T/F

MITIGATION CHOICES ARE ULTIMATELY THE ASSESSOR’S BECAUSE HE/SHE IS THE PERSON WHO IS LIABLE FOR THE DAMAGES

A

FALSE

141
Q

T/F
WHEN RETAINING TREES FOR WILD LIFE, ONE OF THE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY IS TO MAINTAIN THE TREES HEIGHT SHORTER THAN THE DISTANCE TO THE NEAREST TARGET, BY USING APPROVED CROWN-REDUCING TECHNIQUES

A

TRUE

142
Q

__________-BASED MITIGATION ACTIONS ARE OFETN PREFERRED IF THE TREE PRESERVATION IS A PRIMARY MANAGMENT GOAL.

A

TARGET

143
Q

REDUCTION PRUNING IS OFTEN AN EFFECTIVE TREE-BASED MITIGATION OPTION USED TO REDUCE LOADING FROM GRAVITY, WIND, OR PRECIPATATION. ___________ IS NOT RECOMMENDED BECAUSE IT CREATES LONG-TERM PROBLEMS WITH WEAK SPROUTS AND THE ENTRY OF WOOD DECAY, DUE TO THE INTERNODAL HEADING CUTS.

A

TOPPING

144
Q

TREE _________ MAY BE AN OBVIOUS CHOICE IN SOME SITUATIONS, BUT IT SHOULD BE THE LAST AND LEAST DESIRABLE OPTION BECAUSE THE BENEFITS OF THE TREE ARE LOST.

A

REMOVAL

145
Q

REMOVING TURF, APPLYING MULCH, AND ADJUSTING IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ARE EXAMPLES OF ____________ MODIFACATIONS, WHICK MAY IMPROVE TREE HEALTH OVER THE LONG TERM.

A

SITE

146
Q

A WRITTEN DOCUMENT DETAILING THE WORK TO BE COMPLETED AND AUTHORIZING PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACTED WORK

A

WORK ORDER

147
Q

A DOCUMENT WITH TEXT, IMAGES, AND/OR REFERENCES, CONTAINING THE RESULTS OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT

A

WRITTEN REPORT

148
Q

INSPECTION INTERVAL

A

TIME BETWEEM INSPECTIONS

149
Q

RESULTS OF A RISK ASSESSMENT DELIVERED TO THE TREE OWNER/MANAGER ORALLY

A

VERBAL REPORT

150
Q

RESTRAINTS OR FACTORS THAT RESTRICT THE PRECISION, APPLCABILITY OR EXTENT OF SOMETHING

A

LIMITATIONS

151
Q

PRESENTING THE TREE OWNER/MANAGER WITH A SUMMARY STATEMENT DESCRIBING IN DEATIL THE RESULTS OF AN ASSESSMENT

A

REPORTING

152
Q

ONE OR MANY ALTERNATIVES THAT ARE PROMOTED TO ACHIEVE A DESIRED OUTCOME, BASED ON PROFESSIONAL JUDGEMENT

A

RECOMMENDATIONS

153
Q

DEFINED PROJECT OBLECTIVES AND REQUIREMENTS

A

SCOPE OF WORK

154
Q

T/F
A WRITTEN REPORT CAN BE A GOOD WAY TO COMMUNICATE WITH A TREE OWNER/MANAGER BECAUSE IT CLEARLY STATES THE SCOPE OF WORK, ASSESSMENT LIMITATIONS, LEVEL OF RISK, AND MITIGATION OPTIONS

A

TRUE

155
Q

T/F

WRITTEN REPORTS SHOULD INCLUDE THE MONETARY VALUE OF ALL POTENTIAL TARGETS, AS DETERMINED BY THE TREE RISK ASSESSOR

A

FALSE

156
Q

T/F

WHEN GIVIN A VERBAL REPORT, IT IS IMPORTANT FOR THE ASSESSOR TO USE ARBORCULTURAL TERMS FOR LEGAL REASONS.

A

FALSE

157
Q

T/F

THE FINAL REPORT, IT IS IMPORTANT FOR THE ASSESSOR TO USE ARBORCULTURAL TERMS FOR LEGAL REASONS.

A

TRUE

158
Q

T/F
DESPITE AN ASSESSSORS BEST EFFORTS IN COLLECTING AND INTERPRETING DATA, THERE WILL ALWAYS BE FACTORS THAT CANNOT BE OBSERVED AND INFORMATION THAT IS UNAVAILABLE AT THE TIME OF THE ASSESSMENT.

A

TRUE

159
Q

SENDING THE TREE OWNER/MANAGER A _________ __________ FOLLOWING VERBAL COMMUNICATION IS A GOOD TOOL FOR ASSESSORS TO REITERATE KEY ISSUES OF CONCERN

A

WRITTEN REPORT

160
Q

ONE BENEFIT OF A _________ _________ IS THAT IT ALLOWS FOR IMMEDIATE ACTION AND FEEDBACK FROM THE TREE OWNER/MANAGER

A

VERBAL REPORT

161
Q

SOME _________ THAT THE TREE OWNER’S/MANAGERS SHOULD BE MADE AWARE OF ARE THAT TREE RISK ASSESSMENTS REPRESENT THE CONDITION OF THE TREE AT THE TIME OF INSPECTION AND THE ESTABLISHED TIME FRAME IS NOT A GAURANTEE PERIOD OF TREE STABILITY.

A

LIMITATIONS

TRAQ CERT (1 decks)

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