Trauma

Question 1

Do men or women have more trauma incidents

Answer 1

men

Question 2

what is the MAIN difference between blunt trauma and penetrating trauma?

Answer 2

-Blunt: doesn’t break the skin
-Penetrating: breaks the skin

Question 3

what increases the chance of getting a brain injury

Answer 3

riding a bike-especially without a helmet

Question 4

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

Answer 4

used to replace depleted clotting factors

Question 5

Platelets

Answer 5

-participate in the formation of fibrin
-adhere to damaged blood vessels and form a plug

Question 6

cryoprecipitate (cryo)

Answer 6

help in restoring fibrinogen levels

Question 7

packed RBSs

Answer 7

spun out of whole blood; treats low hgb

Question 8

Lactated ringers most closely resembles…

Answer 8

the plasma composition

Question 9

colloids

Answer 9

bring back into vasculature

Question 10

crystalloids

Answer 10

helps w vasculature

Question 11

A B C D E F G H

Answer 11

A- Airway maintenance w C-spine protection
B- Breathing and ventilation
C- Circulation w hemorrhage control
D- DA NEURO (disability)
E- EXPOSURE (remove clothing!!!) & look for other injuries
F- Farenheit temperature and control environment
G- Get VS and Tubes in (NG and foley)
H-Hisyory

Question 12

Interventions for obstructed airway

Answer 12

chin lift/ Jaw thrust

Question 13

Is it more important to protect the airway or stabilize their C-spine and risk paralysis

Answer 13

AIRWAY!!

Question 14

What size needle is used to give blood? why?

Answer 14

-18G
-the blood could lyse while going through the cannula if 20G or bigger

Question 15

why is it good to know when the trauma patients last ate?

Answer 15

-in case they go to surgery
- increase risk for aspiration

Question 16

Ongoing Management:
Prevention of ________ ________

Answer 16

secondary injuries

Question 17

in an extended focused assessment, what are the three body spaces to look at?

Answer 17

pericardial
pleural
peritoneal

Question 18

E-FAST

Answer 18

chest
lungs
peritoneal area

Question 19

wound vacs

Answer 19

decrease inflammation and pressure

Question 20

washout

Answer 20

clean out and place new wound vac

Question 21

triad of death

Answer 21

coagulopathy
metabolic acidosis
hypothermia

Question 22

if someone gets their spleen removed, what will the patient need prior to d/c

Answer 22

vaccines

Question 23

why are mesenteric tears common in a MVA accident

Answer 23

seatbelts

Question 24

primary organ injured in blunt trauma

Answer 24

spleen

Question 25

primary organ injured in penetrating trauma

Answer 25

liver

Question 26

abdominal compartment syndrome clinical manifestations

Answer 26

decreased CO decreased urine output hypoxia

Question 27

what should you be aware of with pelvis and long bone fractures

Answer 27

occult blood loss *check for rectal & pelvic bleeding*

Question 28

why are men more likely to have a traumatic urethral injury

Answer 28

urethra is longer in males (dont insert foley if blood around meatus)

Question 29

why are open book pelvic fractures so severe

Answer 29

area can fill with blood

Question 30

compartment syndrome hallmark symptom

Answer 30

unrelenting pain (pain out of proportion to original injury)

Question 31

tx for compartment syndrome

Answer 31

fasciotomy

Question 32

fat embolism syndrome

Answer 32

fat droplets in a small blood vessel of the lung or other organs after a long bone frature

Question 33

s/s of fat embolism syndrome

Answer 33

-respiratory failure - cerebral dysfunction -skin petechiae (skin that does not blanch)

Question 34

what is indicative of a spleen injury *KNOW THIS*

Answer 34

Left 10-12th ribs

Question 35

what is indicative of a liver injury

Answer 35

Right 8-12th ribs

Question 36

s/s of flail chest

Answer 36

dyspnea paradoxical chest wall movement

Question 37

pneumothorax

Answer 37

loss of negative intrapleural pressure

Question 38

pneumothorax s/s

Answer 38

-hyperresonance on injured side -decreased or absent breath sounds on the injured side

Question 39

tension pneumothorax clinical presentation

Answer 39

shifted trachea to unaffected side

Question 40

how to tell if a chest tube is blocked

Answer 40

fluctuation/swing stops

Question 41

hemothorax

Answer 41

accumulation of blood in the pleural space

Question 42

hemothorax s/s

Answer 42

-signs of shock -decreased breath sounds on injured side -dullness to percussion on injured side (dullness=fluid)

Question 43

how can you tell if someone has a ruptured diaphragm

Answer 43

bowel sounds in the chest

Question 44

pericardial tamponade results in what

Answer 44

-muffled heart sounds -narrowing pulse pressure (pulsus paradoxus) -decreased SV and CO -impaired diastolic filling

Question 45

what is pericardial tamponade

Answer 45

fluid compressing the heart- the pressure will decrease HR

Question 46

pericardial tamponade- what Triad

Answer 46

Becks Triad -distended juglar veins -muffled heart sounds -hypotension *heart is trying to work harder*

Question 47

pulsus paradoxus

Answer 47

normal 2-4 mmHg -exaggeration of normal decrease in SBP occuring during inspiration -seen in tamponade** BP will decrease when patient inhales

Question 48

why does a C3 or higher spinal fracture require mechanical ventilation

Answer 48

phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm *KNOW THIS*

Question 49

C6 or higher compression fracture

Answer 49

need assistance with most ADLs -may be able to raise arms but have the absence of fine motor movements

Question 50

Facet Dislocation of C7 or lower

Answer 50

can do most ADLs on their own

Question 51

neurogenic shock hallmark s/s

Answer 51

-hypotension -vasodilation -bradycardia

Question 52

autonomic dysreflexia can cause what

Answer 52

can cause sudden and severe hypertension

Question 53

autonomic dysreflexia usually occurs in response to what

Answer 53

noxious stimuli

Question 54

noxious stimuli

Answer 54

full bladder fecal impaction

Question 55

additional implications of spinal cord injury

Answer 55

bladder/bowel