Trauma

Question 1

What are the borders of Zone II of the neck?

Answer 1

Cricoid cartilage to the angle of the mandible.

Question 2

LeFort fractures

Answer 2

I: transverse fracture separating maxilla from pterygoid and nasal septum
II: maxilla and palate fractured
III: craniofacial dissociation
II/III: CSF rhinorrhea

I: speak no evil
II: see no evil (level of the orbit, but oribit does not move)
III: hear no evil

Question 3

What is the Parkland formula for fluid resuscitation?

Answer 3

Lactated Ringers solution, 4 mL x kg x % TBSA of burn, administered IV over the first 24 hours, with half given in the first eight hours and half given in the next 16 hours.

Question 4

Painful red eye, blurry vision, photophobia

Answer 4

Iritis. Treat with homatropine drops.

Question 5

A patient in a structure fire must be evaluated for carbon monoxide and what other toxic exposure?

Answer 5

Cyanide Poisoning.

Question 6

Ipsilateral pupil dilation

Answer 6

Uncal herniation

Question 7

Indications for urgent exploratory thoracotomy after chest tube placement

Answer 7

> 1500 mL or 20 mL/kg evacuated upon chest tube insertion

Persistent drainage of 7 mL/kg/hr or 150 to 200 mL/hr of blood for at least three to four hours

Requirements of continued blood transfusions to maintain hemodynamic stability